Bioinformatically detectable group of novel regulatory bacterial and bacterial associated oligonucleotides and uses thereof

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a first group of novel bacterial and human associated oligonucleotides, here identified as “Genomic Address Messenger” or “GAM” oligonucleotide, and a second group of novel operon-like bacterial and human polynucleotides, here identified as “Genomic Record” or “GR” polynucleotide. GAM oligonucleotides selectively inhibit translation of known “target” genes, many of which are known to be involved in various bacterial infections. Nucleic acid molecules are provided respectively encoding 21,916 bacterial and 6,100 human GAM precursor oligonucleotides, and 6,056 bacterial and 430 human GR polynucleotides, as are vectors and probes both comprising the nucleic acid molecules, and methods and systems for detecting GAM oligonucleotides and GR polynucleotides and specific functions and utilities thereof, for detecting expression of GAM oligonucleotides and GR polynucleotides, and for selectively enhancing and selectively inhibiting translation of the respective target genes thereof.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation in part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/708,951, filed 2 Apr. 2004, entitled “Bioinformatically Detectable Group of Novel Regulatory Bacterial and Bacterial Associated Oligonucleotides and Uses Thereof”, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference and claims priority therefrom; This application also is a continuation in part of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/521,433 filed 26 Apr. 2004, entitled “A Microarray for the Detection of MicroRNA Oligonucleotides”, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference and claims priority therefrom.

REFERENCES CITED

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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a group of bioinformatically detectable novel bacterial oligonucleotides and to a group of bioinformatically detectable novel human oligonucleotides associated with bacterial infections, both are identified here as “Genomic Address Messenger” (GAM) oligonucleotides.

All of abovementioned oligonucleotides are believed to be related to the microRNA (miRNA) group of oligonucleotides.

2. Description of Prior Art

miRNA oligonucleotides are short ˜22 nucleotide (nt)-long, non-coding, regulatory RNA oligonucleotides that are found in a wide range of species. miRNA oligonucleotides are believed to function as specific gene translation repressors and are sometimes involved in cell differentiation.

The ability to detect novel miRNA oligonucleotides is limited by the methodologies used to detect such oligonucleotides. All miRNA oligonucleotides identified so far either present a visibly discernable whole body phenotype, as do Lin-4 and Let-7 (Wightman, B., Ha, I., and Ruvkun, G., Cell 75: 855-862 (1993); Reinhart et al. Nature 403: 901-906 (2000)), or produce sufficient quantities of RNA so as to be detected by standard molecular biological techniques.

Ninety-three miRNA oligonucleotides have been discovered in several species (Lau et al., Science 294: 858-862 (2001), Lagos-Quintana et al., Science 294: 853-858 (2001)) by sequencing a limited number of clones (300 by Lau and 100 by Lagos-Quintana) of size-fractionated small segments of RNA. miRNAs that were detected in these studies therefore represent the more prevalent among the miRNA oligonucleotide family and cannot be much rarer than 1% of all small ˜20 nt-long RNA oligonucleotides.

The aforementioned studies provide no basis for the detection of miRNA oligonucleotides which either do not present a visually discernable whole body phenotype, or are rare (e.g. rarer than 0.1% of all of the size-fractionated, ˜20 nt-long RNA segments that were expressed in the tissues examined), and therefore do not produce large enough quantities of RNA to be detected by standard biological techniques.

To date, miRNA oligonucleotides have not been detected in bacteria.

The following U.S. Patents relate to bioinformatic detection of genes: U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/348,935, entitled “Statistical algorithms for folding and target accessibility prediction and design of nucleic acids”, U.S. Pat. No. 6,369,195, entitled “Prostate-specific gene for diagnosis, prognosis and management of prostate cancer”, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,291,666 entitled “Spike tissue-specific promoter”, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SEQUENCE LISTING, TABLES AND COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING

Reference is made to the appendix submitted on the two compact discs, which contain a replacement sequence listing comprising 4,254,670 genomic sequences contained in files named SEQ LIST.0 (614,454 KB, 16 Feb. 2006) and SEQ LIST.1(105,842 KB, 16 Feb. 2006), and is hereby incorporated by reference herein.

Tables relating to genomic sequences are attached to the present application, appear in the following files (size, creation date) included on CD, incorporated herein: TABLE_(—)1.txt (28.3 MB, 18 May 2004), TABLE_(—)2.txt (350 MB, 18 May 2004), TABLE_(—)3.txt (5.64 MB, 18 May 2004), TABLE_(—)4.txt (17.1 MB, 18 May 2004), TABLE_(—)5.txt (5.04 MB, 18 May 2004), TABLE_(—)6.txt (536 MB, 18 May 2004), TABLE_(—)7_A.txt (619 MB, 18 May 2004), TABLE_(—)7_B.txt (340 MB, 18 May 2004), TABLE_(—)8_A.txt (619 MB, 18 May 2004), TABLE_(—)8_B.txt (619 MB, 18 May 2004), TABLE_(—)8_C.txt (619 MB, 18 May 2004), TABLE_(—)8_D.txt (457 MB, 18 May 2004), TABLE_(—)9.txt (654 MB, 18 May 2004), TABLE_(—)10.txt (49.1 MB, 18 May 2004), and TABLE_(—)11.txt (79.8 MB, 18 May 2004), all of which are incorporated by reference herein. Further, additional tables relating to genomic sequences are attached to the present application, appear in the following files (size, creation date) attached to the application, incorporated herein: TABLE_(—)12.txt (41.1 KB, 18 May 2004) and TABLE_(—)13.txt (46.9 KB, 18 May 2004), are incorporated by reference herein.

LENGTHY TABLES The patent contains a lengthy table section. A copy of the table is available in electronic form from the USPTO web site (http://seqdata.uspto.gov/?pageRequest=docDetail&DocID=US07943754B2). An electronic copy of the table will also be available from the USPTO upon request and payment of the fee set forth in 37 CFR 1.19(b)(3).

A computer program listing constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention is enclosed on an electronic medium in computer readable form, and is hereby incorporated by reference herein. The computer program listing is contained in 7 files, the name, sizes and creation date of which are as follows: AUXILARY_FILES.txt (117K, 14 Nov. 2003); EDIT_DISTANCE.txt (144K, 24 Nov. 2003); FIRST-K.txt (96K, 24 Nov. 2003); HAIRPIN_PREDICTION.txt (19K, 25 Mar. 2004); TWO_PHASED_SIDE_SELECTOR.txt (4K, 14 Nov. 2003); TWO_PHASED_PREDICTOR.txt (74K, 14 Nov. 2003), and BS_CODE.txt (118K, 11 May 2004).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a novel group of 3,873 bioinformatically detectable bacterial regulatory RNA oligonucleotides, which repress expression of human target genes, by means of complementary hybridization to binding sites in untranslated regions of these target genes. It is believed that this novel group of bacterial oligonucleotides represents a pervasive bacterial mechanism of attacking a host, and therefore knowledge of this novel group of bacterial oligonucleotides may be useful in preventing and treating bacterial diseases.

Additionally, the present invention relates to a novel group of 4,363 bioinformatically detectable human regulatory RNA oligonucleotides, which repress expression of human target genes associated with the bacterial infection, by means of complementary hybridization to binding sites in untranslated regions of these target genes. It is believed that this novel group of human oligonucleotides represents a pervasive novel host response mechanism, and therefore knowledge of this novel group of human oligonucleotides may be useful in preventing and treating bacterial diseases.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a novel group of 24,160 bioinformatically detectable bacterial regulatory RNA oligonucleotides, which repress expression of bacterial target genes, by means of complementary hybridization to binding sites in untranslated regions of these bacterial target genes. It is believed that this novel group of bacterial oligonucleotides represents a pervasive novel internal bacterial regulation mechanism, and therefore knowledge of this novel group of bacterial oligonucleotides may be useful in preventing and treating bacterial diseases.

In addition, the present invention relates to a novel group of 6,100 bioinformatically detectable human regulatory RNA oligonucleotides, which repress expression of bacterial target genes, by means of complementary hybridization to binding sites in untranslated regions of these bacterial target genes. It is believed that this novel group of human oligonucleotides represents a pervasive novel antibacterial host defense mechanism, and therefore knowledge of this novel group of human oligonucleotides may be useful in preventing and treating bacterial diseases.

Also disclosed are 6,056 novel microRNA-cluster like bacterial polynucleotides and 430 novel microRNA-cluster like human polynucleotides, both referred to here as Genomic Record (GR) polynucleotides.

In various preferred embodiments, the present invention seeks to provide improved method and system for detection and prevention of bacterial diseases, which are mediated by this group of novel oligonucleotides.

Accordingly, the invention provides several substantially pure nucleic acids (e.g., genomic DNA, cDNA or synthetic DNA) each comprising a novel GAM oligonucleotide, vectors comprising the DNAs, probes comprising the DNAs, a method and system for selectively modulating translation of known target genes utilizing the vectors, and a method and system utilizing the GAM probes to modulate expression of GAM target genes.

The present invention represents a scientific breakthrough, disclosing novel miRNA-like oligonucleotides the number of which is dramatically larger than previously believed existed. Prior-art studies reporting miRNA oligonucleotides ((Lau et al., Science 294:858-862 (2001), Lagos-Quintana et al., Science 294: 853-858 (2001)) discovered 93 miRNA oligonucleotides in several species, including 21 in human, using conventional molecular biology methods, such as cloning and sequencing.

Molecular biology methodologies employed by these studies are limited in their ability to detect rare miRNA oligonucleotides, since these studies relied on sequencing of a limited number of clones (300 clones by Lau and 100 clones by Lagos-Quintana) of small segments (i.e. size-fractionated) of RNA. miRNA oligonucleotides detected in these studies therefore, represent the more prevalent among the miRNA oligonucleotide family, and are typically not be much rarer than 1% of all small ˜20 nt-long RNA oligonucleotides present in the tissue from the RNA was extracted.

Recent studies state the number of miRNA oligonucleotides to be limited, and describe the limited sensitivity of available methods for detection of miRNA oligonucleotides: “The estimate of 255 human miRNA oligonucleotides is an upper bound implying that no more than 40 miRNA oligonucleotides remain to be identified in mammals” (Lim et al., Science, 299:1540 (2003)); “Estimates place the total number of vertebrate miRNA genes at about 200-250” (Ambros et al. Curr. Biol. 13:807-818 (2003)); and “Confirmation of very low abundance miRNAs awaits the application of detection methods more sensitive than Northern blots” (Ambros et al. Curr. Biol. 13:807-818 (2003)).

The oligonucleotides of the present invention represent a revolutionary new dimension of genomics and of biology: a dimension comprising a huge number of non-protein-coding oligonucleotides which modulate expression of thousands of proteins and are associated with numerous major diseases. This new dimension disclosed by the present invention dismantles a central dogma that has dominated life-sciences during the past 50 years, a dogma which has emphasized the importance of protein-coding regions of the genome, holding non-protein-coding regions to be of little consequence, often dubbing them “junk DNA”.

Indeed, only in November, 2003 has this long held belief as to the low importance of non-protein-coding regions been vocally challenged. As an example, an article titled “The Unseen Genome-Gems in the Junk” (Gibbs, W. W. Sci. Am. 289:46-53 (2003)) asserts that the failure to recognize the importance of non-protein-coding regions “may well go down as one of the biggest mistakes in the history of molecular biology.” Gibbs further asserts that “what was damned as junk because it was not understood, may in fact turn out to be the very basis of human complexity.” The present invention provides a dramatic leap in understanding specific important roles of non-protein-coding regions.

An additional scientific breakthrough of the present invention is a novel conceptual model disclosed by the present invention, which conceptual model is preferably used to encode in a genome the determination of cell differentiation, utilizing oligonucleotides and polynucleotides of the present invention.

Using the bioinformatic engine of the present invention, 21,916 bacterial GAM oligonucleotides and their respective precursors and targets have been detected and 6,100 human GAM oligonucleotides and their respective precursors and targets have been detected. These bioinformatic predictions are supported by robust biological studies. Microarray experiments validated expression of 346 of the human GAM oligonucleotides of the present invention. Of these, 311 received an extremely high score: over six standard deviations higher than the background “noise” of the microarray, and over two standard deviations above their individual “mismatch” control probes and 33 received a high score: over four standard deviations higher than the background “noise” of the microarray. Further, 38 GAM oligonucleotides were sequenced.

In various preferred embodiments, the present invention seeks to provide an improved method and system for specific modulation of the expression of specific target genes involved in significant human diseases. It also provides an improved method and system for detection of the expression of novel oligonucleotides of the present invention, which modulate these target genes. In many cases, the target genes may be known and fully characterized, however in alternative embodiments of the present invention, unknown or less well characterized genes may be targeted.

A “Nucleic acid” is defined as a ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecule, or a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule, or complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA), comprising either naturally occurring nucleotides or non-naturally occurring nucleotides.

“Substantially pure nucleic acid”, “Isolated Nucleic Acid”, “Isolated Oligoucleotide” and “Isolated Polynucleotide” are defined as a nucleic acid that is free of the genome of the organism from which the nucleic acid is derived, and include, for example, a recombinant nucleic acid which is incorporated into a vector, into an autonomously replicating plasmid or virus, or into the genomic nucleic acid of a prokaryote or eukaryote at a site other than its natural site; or which exists as a separate molecule (e.g., a cDNA or a genomic or cDNA fragment produced by PCR or restriction endonuclease digestion) independent of other nucleic acids.

An “Oligonucleotide” is defined as a nucleic acid comprising 2-139 nts, or preferably 16-120 nts. A “Polynucleotide” is defined as a nucleic acid comprising 140-5000 nts, or preferably 140-1000 nts.

A “Complementary” sequence is defined as a first nucleotide sequence which reverses complementary of a second nucleotide sequence: the first nucleotide sequence is reversed relative to a second nucleotide sequence, and wherein each nucleotide in the first nucleotide sequence is complementary to a corresponding nucleotide in the second nucleotide sequence (e.g. ATGGC is the complementary sequence of GCCAT).

“Hybridization”, “Binding” and “Annealing” are defined as hybridization, under in vivo physiological conditions, of a first nucleic acid to a second nucleic acid, which second nucleic acid is at least partially complementary to the first nucleic acid.

A “Hairpin Structure” is defined as an oligonucleotide having a nucleotide sequence that is 50-140 nts in length, the first half of which nucleotide sequence is at least partially complementary to the second part thereof, thereby causing the nucleic acid to fold onto itself, forming a secondary hairpin structure.

A “Hairpin-Shaped Precursor” is defined as a Hairpin Structure which is processed by a Dicer enzyme complex, yielding an oligonucleotide which is about 19 to about 24 nts in length.

“Inhibiting translation” is defined as the ability to prevent synthesis of a specific protein encoded by a respective gene by means of inhibiting the translation of the mRNA of this gene. For example, inhibiting translation may include the following steps: (1) a DNA segment encodes an RNA, the first half of whose sequence is partially complementary to the second half thereof; (2) the precursor folds onto itself forming a hairpin-shaped precursor; (3) a Dicer enzyme complex cuts the hairpin-shaped precursor yielding an oligonucleotide that is approximately 22 nt in length; (4) the oligonucleotide binds complementarily to at least one binding site, having a nucleotide sequence that is at least partially complementary to the oligonucleotide, which binding site is located in the mRNA of a target gene, preferably in the untranslated region (UTR) of a target gene, such that the binding inhibits translation of the target protein.

A “Translation inhibitor site” is defined as the minimal nucleotide sequence sufficient to inhibit translation.

The present invention describes novel GAM oligonucleotides, detected using a bioinformatic engine described hereinabove. The ability of this detection engine has been demonstrated using stringent algorithmic criteria, showing that the engine has both high sensitivity, indicated by the high detection rate of published miRNA oligonucleotides and their targets, as well as high specificity, indicated by the low amount of “background” hairpin candidates passing its filters. Laboratory tests, based both on sequencing of predicted GAM oligonucleotides and on microarray experiments, validated 381 of the GAM oligonucleotides in the present invention. Further, almost all of the bacterial target genes (6,141 of the 7,351) and almost all of the human target genes (64 out of 76) described in the present invention are bound by one or more of the 381 human GAM oligonucleotides validated by the microarray experiments.

There is thus provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention a bioinformatically detectable isolated oligonucleotide which is endogenously processed from a hairpin-shaped precursor, and anneals to a portion of a mRNA transcript of a target gene, wherein binding of the oligonucleotide to the mRNA transcript represses expression of the target gene, and wherein the oligonucleotide has at least 80% sequence identity with a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-385 and 386-49787.

There is further provided in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention a bioinformatically detectable isolated oligonucleotide having a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-385 and 386-49787.

There is still further provided in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention a bioinformatically detectable first oligonucleotide which is a portion of a mRNA transcript of a target gene, and anneals to a second oligonucleotide that is endogenously processed from a hairpin precursor, wherein binding of the first oligonucleotide to the second oligonucleotide represses expression of the target gene, and wherein nucleotide sequence of the second nucleotide is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-385 and 386-49787.

There is additionally provided in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention a bioinformatically detectable oligonucleotide having a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 2337129-4223628.

There is additionally provided in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention a method for treatment of a disease involving a tissue in which a protein is pathologically expressed to an undesirable extent, the protein having a messenger RNA, the method including: providing a material which modulates activity of a microRNA oligonucleotide which binds complementarily to a segment of the messenger RNA, and introducing the material into the tissue, causing modulation of the activity of the microRNA oligonucleotide and thereby modulating expression of the protein in a desired manner.

There is moreover provided in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention a method for treatment of a disease involving tissue in which a protein is pathologically expressed to an undesirable extent, the protein having a messenger RNA, the method including: providing a material which at least partially binds a segment of the messenger RNA that is bound complementarily by a microRNA oligonucleotide, thereby modulating expression of the protein, and introducing the material into the tissue, thereby modulating expression of the protein.

There is further provided in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention a method for treatment of a disease involving a tissue in which a protein is pathologically over-expressed, the protein having a messenger RNA, the method including: providing a microRNA oligonucleotide which binds complementarily to a segment of the messenger RNA, and introducing the microRNA oligonucleotide into the tissue, causing the microRNA oligonucleotide to bind complementarily to a segment of the messenger RNA and thereby inhibit expression of the protein.

There is still further provided in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention a method for treatment of a disease involving a tissue in which a protein is pathologically over-expressed, the protein having a messenger RNA, the method including: providing a chemically-modified microRNA oligonucleotide which binds complementarily to a segment of the messenger RNA, and introducing the chemically-modified microRNA oligonucleotide into the tissue, causing the microRNA oligonucleotide to bind complementarily to a segment of the messenger RNA and thereby inhibit expression of the protein.

There is additionally provided in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention a method for treatment of a disease involving a tissue in which a protein is pathologically under-expressed, the protein having a messenger RNA, the method including: providing an oligonucleotide that inhibits activity of a microRNA oligonucleotide which binds complementarily to a segment of the messenger RNA, and introducing the oligonucleotide into the tissue, causing inhibition of the activity of the microRNA oligonucleotide and thereby promotion of translation of the protein.

There is moreover provided in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention a method for treatment of a disease involving a tissue in which a protein is pathologically under-expressed, the protein having a messenger RNA, the method including: providing a chemically-modified oligonucleotide that inhibits activity of a microRNA oligonucleotide which binds complementarily to a segment of the messenger RNA, and introducing the chemically-modified oligonucleotide into the tissue, causing inhibition of the activity of the microRNA oligonucleotide and thereby promotion of translation of the protein.

There is further provided in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention a method for diagnosis of a disease involving a tissue in which a protein is expressed to abnormal extent, the protein having a messenger RNA, the method including: assaying a microRNA oligonucleotide which at least partially binds a segment of the messenger RNA and modulates expression of the protein, thereby providing an indication of at least one parameter of the disease.

There is still further provided in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention a method for detection of expression of an oligonucleotide, the method including: determining a first nucleotide sequence of a first oligonucleotide, which first nucleotide sequence is not complementary to a genome of an organism, receiving a second nucleotide sequence of a second oligonucleotide whose expression is sought to be detected, designing a third nucleotide sequence that is complementary to the second nucleotide sequence of the second oligonucleotide, and a fourth nucleotide sequence that is complementary to a fifth nucleotide sequence which is different from the second nucleotide sequence of the second oligonucleotide by at least one nucleotide, synthesizing a first oligonucleotide probe having a sixth nucleotide sequence including the third nucleotide sequence followed by the first nucleotide sequence of the first oligonucleotide, and a second oligonucleotide probe having a seventh nucleotide sequence including the fourth nucleotide sequence followed by the first nucleotide sequence of the first oligonucleotide, locating the first oligonucleotide probe and the second oligonucleotide probe on a microarray platform, receiving an RNA test sample from at least one tissue of the organism, obtaining size-fractionated RNA from the RNA test sample, amplifying the size-fractionated RNA, hybridizing the adaptor-linked RNA with the first and second oligonucleotide probes on the microarray platform, and determining expression of the first oligonucleotide in the at least one tissue of the organism, based at least in part on the hybridizing.

There is additionally provided in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention a bioinformatically detectable isolated polynucleotide which is endogenously processed into a plurality of hairpin-shaped precursor oligonucleotides, each of which is endogenously processed into a respective oligonucleotide, which in turn anneals to a portion of a mRNA transcript of a target gene, wherein binding of the oligonucleotide to the mRNA transcript represses expression of the target gene.

There is moreover provided in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention a bioinformatically detectable isolated oligonucleotide which is endogenously processed from a hairpin-shaped precursor, and anneals to a portion of a mRNA transcript of a target gene, wherein binding of the oligonucleotide to the mRNA transcript represses expression of the target gene, and wherein the target gene does not encode a protein.

There is further provided in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention a bioinformatically detectable isolated oligonucleotide which is endogenously processed from a hairpin-shaped precursor, and anneals to a portion of a mRNA transcript of a target gene, wherein binding of the oligonucleotide to the mRNA transcript represses expression of the target gene, and wherein a function of the oligonucleotide includes modulation of cell type.

There is still further provided in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention a bioinformatically detectable isolated oligonucleotide which is endogenously processed from a hairpin-shaped precursor, and anneals to a portion of a mRNA transcript of a target gene, wherein binding of the oligonucleotide to the mRNA transcript represses expression of the target gene, and wherein the oligonucleotide is maternally transferred by a cell to at least one daughter cell of the cell, and a function of the oligonucleotide includes modulation of cell type of the daughter cell.

There is additionally provided in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention a method for bioinformatic detection of microRNA oligonucleotides, the method including: bioinformatically detecting a hairpin-shaped precursor oligonucleotide, bioinformatically detecting an oligonucleotide which is endogenously processed from the hairpin-shaped precursor oligonucleotide, and bioinformatically detecting a target gene of the oligonucleotide wherein the oligonucleotide anneals to at least one portion of a mRNA transcript of the target gene, and wherein the binding represses expression of the target gene, and the target gene is associated with a disease.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram illustrating a mode by which an oligonucleotide of a novel group of oligonucleotides of the present invention modulates expression of known target genes;

FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram illustrating a bioinformatic oligonucleotide detection system capable of detecting oligonucleotides of the novel group of oligonucleotides of the present invention, which system is constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a simplified flowchart illustrating operation of a mechanism for training of a computer system to recognize the novel oligonucleotides of the present invention, which mechanism is constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4A is a simplified block diagram of a non-coding genomic sequence detector constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4B is a simplified flowchart illustrating operation of a non-coding genomic sequence detector constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5A is a simplified block diagram of a hairpin detector constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5B is a simplified flowchart illustrating operation of a hairpin detector constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6A is a simplified block diagram of a Dicer-cut location detector constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6B is a simplified flowchart illustrating training of a Dicer-cut location detector constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6C is a simplified flowchart illustrating operation of a Dicer-cut location detector constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7A is a simplified block diagram of a target gene binding site detector constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7B is a simplified flowchart illustrating operation of a target gene binding site detector constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a simplified flowchart illustrating operation of a function and utility analyzer constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a simplified diagram describing a novel bioinformatically-detected group of regulatory polynucleotides, referred to here as Genomic Record (GR) polynucleotides, each of which encodes an “operon-like” cluster of novel microRNA-like oligonucleotides, which in turn modulate expression of one or more target genes;

FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating different utilities of novel oligonucleotides and novel operon-like polynucleotides, both of the present invention;

FIGS. 11A and 11B are simplified diagrams which, when taken together, illustrate a mode of oligonucleotide therapy applicable to novel oligonucleotides of the present invention;

FIG. 12A is a bar graph illustrating performance results of a hairpin detector constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12B is a line graph illustrating accuracy of a Dicer-cut location detector constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12C is a bar graph illustrating performance results of the target gene binding site detector 118, constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a summary table of laboratory results validating expression of novel human oligonucleotides detected by a bioinformatic oligonucleotide detection engine constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, thereby validating its efficacy;

FIG. 14A is a schematic representation of an “operon-like” cluster of novel human hairpin sequences detected by a bioinformatic oligonucleotide detection engine constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and non-GAM hairpin sequences used as negative controls thereto;

FIG. 14B is a schematic representation of secondary folding of hairpins of the operon-like cluster of FIG. 14A. The hairpins shown are as follows N2 (SEQ ID NO: 4254760), N3 (SEQ ID NO: 4254761), MIR23 (SEQ ID NO: 4254762), GAM22 (SEQ ID NO: 4254763), GAM7617 (SEQ ID NO: 4254764), N252 (SEQ ID NO: 4254765), N4 (SEQ ID NO: 4254766), NO (SEQ ID NO: 4254767), N6 (SEQ ID NO: 4254768), MIR24 (SEQ ID NO: 4254769), and N7 (SEQ ID NO: 4254770);

FIG. 14C is a picture of laboratory results demonstrating expression of novel oligonucleotides of FIGS. 14A and 14B and lack of expression of the negative controls, thereby validating efficacy of bioinformatic detection of GAM oligonucleotides and GR polynucleotides detected by a bioinformatic oligonucleotide detection engine, constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 15A is an annotated sequence of EST72223 (SEQ ID NO: 4254771) comprising known human microRNA oligonucleotide MIR98 and novel human oligonucleotide GAM25 PRECURSOR detected by the oligonucleotide detection system of the present invention. Additionally annotated in EST72223 are the miRNA-98 hairpin in bold (SEQ ID NO: 4254772), the sequence of the mature miRNA-98 in bold and underline (SEQ ID NO: 4254773), the sequence of the GAM25 hairpin in bold (SEQ ID NO: 4254774), and the sequence of the mature miRNA of GAM25 in bold and underline (SEQ ID NO: 4254775).

FIGS. 15B, 15C and 15D are pictures of laboratory results demonstrating laboratory confirmation of expression of known human oligonucleotide MIR98 and of novel bioinformatically-detected human GAM25 RNA respectively, both of FIG. 15A, thus validating the bioinformatic oligonucleotide detection system of the present invention;

FIGS. 16A, 16B and 16C are schematic diagrams which, when taken together, represent methods of designing primers to identify specific hairpin oligonucleotides in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17A is a simplified flowchart illustrating construction of a microarray constructed and operative to identify novel oligonucleotides of the present invention, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 17B is a simplified block diagram illustrating design of a microarray constructed and operative to identify novel oligonucleotides of the present invention, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 17C is a flowchart illustrating a mode of preparation and amplification of a cDNA library in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Shown in FIG. 17C are the following adapters: 5Ada RNA-DNA XbaBSerI (SEQ ID NO: 4254776) and T7 NcoI RNA-DNA 3′ Adapator (SEQ ID NO: 4254777).

FIG. 18A is a line graph showing results of detection of known microRNA oligonucleotides and of novel GAM oligonucleotides, using a microarray constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 18B is a line graph showing specificity of hybridization of a microarray constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 18C is a summary table demonstrating detection of known microRNA oligonucleotides using a microarray constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SEQUENCES

A Sequence Listing of genomic sequences of the present invention designated SEQ ID NO:1 through SEQ ID: 4,254,670 is attached to this application, and is hereby incorporated herein. The genomic listing comprises the following nucleotide sequences: nucleotide sequences of 21,916 bacterial and 6,100 human GAM precursors of respective novel oligonucleotides of the present invention; nucleotide sequences of 32,713 bacterial and 11,428 human GAM RNA oligonucleotides of respective novel oligonucleotides of the present invention; and nucleotide sequences of 1,507,219 target gene binding sites of respective novel oligonucleotides of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference is now made to FIG. 1, which is a simplified diagram describing a plurality of novel bioinformatically-detected oligonucleotide of the present invention referred to here as the Genomic Address Messenger (GAM) oligonucleotide, which modulates expression of respective target genes whose function and utility are known in the art.

GAM is a novel bioinformatically detectable regulatory, non-protein-coding, miRNA-like oligonucleotide. The method by which GAM is detected is described with additional reference to FIGS. 1-8.

The GAM PRECURSOR is preferably encoded by a bacterial genome. Alternatively or additionally, the GAM PRECURSOR is preferably encoded by the human genome. The GAM TARGET GENE is a gene encoded by the human genome. Alternatively or additionally, the GAM TARGET GENE is a gene encoded by a bacterial genome.

The GAM PRECURSOR encodes a GAM PRECURSOR RNA. Similar to other miRNA oligonucleotides, the GAM PRECURSOR RNA does not encode a protein.

GAM PRECURSOR RNA folds onto itself, forming GAM FOLDED PRECURSOR RNA, which has a two-dimensional “hairpin” structure. GAM PRECURSOR RNA folds onto itself, forming GAM FOLDED PRECURSOR RNA, which has a two-dimensional “hairpin structure”. As is well-known in the art, this “hairpin structure” is typical of RNA encoded by known miRNA precursor oligonucleotides and is due to the full or partial complementarity of the nucleotide sequence of the first half of an miRNA precursor to the RNA that is encoded by a miRNA oligonucleotide to the nucleotide sequence of the second half thereof.

A complementary sequence is a sequence which is reversed and wherein each nucleotide is replaced by a complementary nucleotide, as is well known in the art (e.g. ATGGC is the complementary sequence of GCCAT).

An enzyme complex designated DICER COMPLEX, an enzyme complex composed of Dicer RNaseIII together with other necessary proteins, cuts the GAM FOLDED PRECURSOR RNA yielding a single-stranded ˜22 nt-long RNA segment designated GAM RNA.

GAM TARGET GENE encodes a corresponding messenger RNA, designated GAM TARGET RNA. As is typical of mRNA of a protein-coding gene, each GAM TARGET RNAs of the present invention comprises three regions, as is typical of mRNA of a protein-coding gene: a 5′ untranslated region, a protein-coding region and a 3′ untranslated region, designated 5′UTR, PROTEIN-CODING and 3′UTR, respectively.

GAM RNA binds complementarily to one or more target binding sites located in the untranslated regions of each of the GAM TARGET RNAs of the present invention. This complementary binding is due to the partial or full complementarity between the nucleotide sequence of GAM RNA and the nucleotide sequence of each of the target binding sites. As an illustration, FIG. 1 shows three such target binding sites, designated BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II and BINDING SITE III, respectively. It is appreciated that the number of target binding sites shown in FIG. 1 is only illustrative and that any suitable number of target binding sites may be present. It is further appreciated that although FIG. 1 shows target binding sites only in the 3′UTR region, these target binding sites may instead be located in the 5′UTR region or in both the 3′UTR and 5′UTR regions.

The complementary binding of GAM RNA to target binding sites on GAM TARGET RNA, such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II and BINDING SITE III, inhibits the translation of each of the GAM TARGET RNAs of the present invention into respective GAM TARGET PROTEIN, shown surrounded by a broken line.

It is appreciated that the GAM TARGET GENE in fact represents a plurality of GAM target genes. The mRNA of each one of this plurality of GAM target genes comprises one or more target binding sites, each having a nucleotide sequence which is at least partly complementary to GAM RNA and which when bound by GAM RNA causes inhibition of translation of the GAM target mRNA into a corresponding GAM target protein.

The mechanism of the translational inhibition that is exerted by GAM RNA on one or more GAM TARGET GENEs may be similar or identical to the known mechanism of translational inhibition exerted by known miRNA oligonucleotides.

The nucleotide sequences of each of a plurality of GAM oligonucleotides that are described by FIG. 1 and their respective genomic sources and genomic locations are set forth in Tables 1-3, hereby incorporated herein. Specifically, in Table 1, line 778 describes GAM RNA (miRNA) as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 348 is shown as predicted from human.

TABLE 1 GAM SEQ- GAM GAM ID GAM NAME GAM RNA SEQUENCE ORGANISM POS 348 GAM353678 CAGCAGCACACTGTGGTTTGTA Human A

In Table 2, lines 42112-42207, describes GAM PRECURSOR RNA (hairpin) as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4233864 and as it relates to FIGS. 1-8.

TABLE 2 GAM PRECUR GAM ORGA- SEQ- PRECURSOR NAME NISM ID SEQUENCE GAM DESCRIPTION GAM Human 4233864 CCTGCTCCCG FIG. 1 further provides a 353678 CCCCAGCAGC conceptual description of ACACTGTGGT another novel TTGTACGGCA bioinformatically-detected CTGTGGCCAC human oligonucleotide of the GTCCAAACCA present invention referred to CACTGTGGTG here as the Genomic Address TTAGAGCGAG Messenger 353678 GGTGGGGGAGG (GAM353678) oligonucleotide, which modulates expression of respective target genes whose function and utility are known in the art. GAM353678 is a novel bioinformatically detectable regulatory, non- protein-coding, miRNA-like oligonucleotide. The method by which GAM353678 is detected is described with additional reference to FIGS. 1-8. The GAM353678 precursor, herein designated GAM PRECURSOR, is encoded by the Human genome. GAM353678 target gene, herein designated GAM TARGET GENE, is a target gene encoded by the target organism as specified in Tables 6-7. The GAM353678 precursor, herein designated GAM PRECURSOR, encodes a GAM353678 precursor RNA, herein designated GAM PRECURSOR RNA. Similar to other miRNA oligonucleotides, the GAM353678 precursor RNA does not encode a protein. GAM353678 precursor RNA folds onto itself, forming GAM353678 folded precursor RNA, herein designated GAM FOLDED PRECURSOR RNA, which has a two-dimensional “hairpin” structure. GAM PRECURSOR RNA folds onto itself, forming GAM FOLDED PRECURSOR RNA, which has a two-dimensional “hairpin structure”. As is well- known in the art, this “hairpin structure” is typical of RNA encoded by known miRNA precursor oligonucleotides and is due to the full or partial complementarity of the nucleotide sequence of the first half of an miRNA precursor to the RNA that is encoded by a miRNA oligonucleotide to the nucleotide sequence of the second half thereof. A nucleotide sequence that is identical or highly similar to the nucleotide sequence of the GAM353678 precursor RNA is designated SEQ ID NO: 4233864, and is provided hereinbelow with reference to the sequence listing section. The nucleotide sequence designated SEQ ID NO: 4233864 is located from position 7121806 to position 7121896 relative to chromosome 17 on the “-” strand, and overlaps an intergenic region (UCSC.h16.refGene database). Furthermore, the nucleotide sequence designated SEQ ID NO: 4233864 is positioned in a region that is conserved between human, mouse and rat (UCSC.hg16.humorMm3Rn3). A schematic representation of a predicted secondary folding of GAM353678 folded precursor RNA, herein designated GAM FOLDED PRECURSOR RNA is set forth in Table 4 incorporated herein. An enzyme complex designated DICER COMPLEX, an enzyme complex composed of Dicer RNaseIII together with other necessary proteins, cuts the GAM353678 folded precursor RNA yielding a single-stranded ~22 nt-long RNA segment designated GAM353678 RNA, herein designated GAM RNA. Table 5 provides a nucleotide sequence that is highly likely to be identical or extremely similar to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA, hereby incorporated herein. GAM353678 target gene, herein designated GAM TARGET GENE, encodes a corresponding messenger RNA, designated GAM353678 target RNA, herein designated GAM TARGET RNA. As is typical of mRNA of a protein-coding gene, GAM353678 target RNA comprises three regions, as is typical of mRNA of a protein-coding gene: a 5′ untranslated region, a protein-coding region and a 3′ untranslated region, designated 5′UTR, PROTEIN-CODING and 3′UTR, respectively. GAM353678 RNA, herein designated GAM RNA, binds complementarily to one or more target binding sites located in the untranslated regions of GAM353678 target RNA. This complementary binding is due to the partial or full complementarity between the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA and the nucleotide sequence of each of the target binding sites. As an illustration, FIG. 1 shows three such target binding sites, designated BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II and BINDING SITE III, respectively. It is appreciated that the number of target binding sites shown in FIG. 1 is only illustrative and that any suitable number of target binding sites may be present. It is further appreciated that although FIG. 1 shows target binding sites only in the 3′UTR region, these target binding sites may instead be located in the 5′UTR region or in both the 3′UTR and 5′UTR regions. The complementary binding of GAM353678 RNA, herein designated GAM RNA, to target binding sites on GAM353678 target RNA, herein designated GAM TARGET RNA, such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II and BINDING SITE III, inhibits the translation of GAM353678 target RNA into respective GAM353678 target protein, herein designated GAM TARGET PROTEIN, shown surrounded by a broken line. It is appreciated that the GAM353678 target gene, herein designated GAM TARGET GENE, in fact represents a plurality of GAM353678 target genes. The mRNA of each one of this plurality of GAM353678 target genes comprises one or more target binding sites, each having a nucleotide sequence which is at least partly complementary to GAM353678 RNA, herein designated GAM RNA, and which when bound by GAM353678 RNA causes inhibition of translation of the GAM353678 target mRNA into a corresponding GAM353678 target protein. The mechanism of the translational inhibition that is exerted by GAM353678 RNA, herein designated GAM RNA, on one or more GAM353678 target genes, herein collectively designated GAM TARGET GENE, may be similar or identical to the known mechanism of translational inhibition exerted by known miRNA oligonucleotides. The nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 precursor RNA, herein designated GAM PRECURSOR RNA, its respective genomic source and genomic location and a schematic representation of a predicted secondary folding of GAM353678 folded precursor RNA, herein designated GAM FOLDED PRECURSOR RNA are set forth in Tables 3-4, hereby incorporated herein. The nucleotide sequences of a “diced” GAM353678 RNA, herein designated GAM RNA, from GAM353678 folded precursor RNA are set forth in Table 5, hereby incorporated herein. The nucleotide sequences of target binding sites, such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II and BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1, found on GAM353678 target RNA, herein designated GAM TARGET RNA, and a schematic representation of the complementarity of each of these target binding sites to GAM353678 RNA, herein designated GAM RNA, are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. It is appreciated that the specific functions and accordingly the utilities of GAM353678 RNA are correlated with and may be deduced from the identity of the GAM353678 target gene inhibited thereby, and whose functions are set forth in Table 8, hereby incorporated herein.

Table 3, lines 1279-1280, shows data relating to the source and location of the GAM oligonucleotide, specificaly the GAM PRECRSOR (hairpin) and its position in the genomic sequence of human.

TABLE 3 PRECURSOR GAM STR SRC-START SRC-END GAM NAME SEQ-ID ORGANISM SOURCE AND OFFSET OFFSET GAM353678 4233864 Human 17 7121806 7121896

The nucleotide sequences of GAM PRECURSOR RNAs, and a schematic representation of a predicted secondary folding of GAM FOLDED PRECURSOR RNAs, of each of a plurality of GAM oligonucleotides described by FIG. 1 are set forth in Table 4, hereby incorporated herein. Table 4 lines 2384-2388, shows a schematic representation of the GAM folder precursor as set forth in SEQ ID NO:348, beginning at the 5′ end (beginning of upper row) to the 3′ end (beginning of lower row), where the hairpin loop is positioned at the right part of the drawing.

TABLE 4 PRE GAM CUR GAM PRECURSOR NAME SEQ-ID ORGANISM SEQUENCE GAM FOLDED PRECURSOR RNA GAM 423 Human CCTGCTCCCGCCCCAGCAGC   G         C------   G    C         T --   AC 353 386 678 4 ACACTGTGGTTTGTACGGCA CCT CTCCCGCCC      AGCA CACA TGTGGTTTG AC  GGC T CTGTGGCCACGTCCAAACCA GGA GGGGGTGGG      TTGT GTGT ACACCAAAC TG  CCG G CACTGTGGTGTTAGAGCGAG   -         AGCGAGA   G    C         C  CA   GT GGTGGGGGAGG

The nucleotide sequences of “diced” GAM RNAs of each of a plurality of GAM oligonucleotides described by FIG. 1 are set forth in Table 5, hereby incorporated herein. Table 5, line 1276 shows the mature GAM RNA as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 348 as sliced by DICER from the GAM PRECURSOR sequence (hairpin) as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4233864.

GAM ORGAN- PRECUR GAM GAM NAME ISM GAM RNA SEQUENCE SEQ-ID POS GAM353678 Human CAGCAGCACACTGTGGTTTGTA 4233864 A

The nucleotide sequences of target binding sites, such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II and BINDING SITE III that are found on GAM TARGET RNAs of each of a plurality of GAM oligonucleotides that are described by FIG. 1, and a schematic representation of the complementarity of each of these Target binding sites to each of a plurality of GAM RNAs that are described by FIG. 1 are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Table 6 shows data relating to the SEQ ID NO of the GAM target binding site sequence of the target gene name as bound by the GAM RNA as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 348. Table 6, lines 3688165, 767082, 762322 and 763042 related to target binding site SEQ ID NO: 1810388, 673420, 671402 respectively.

TABLE 6 TARGET BINDING TARGET SITE TARGET BINDING SITE SEQ-ID ORGANISM TARGET SEQUENCE 1810388 Human MGAT5 CACCATGCTGCTG 673420 Human SERPINH1 AAACTAGGTGCTGCAG 671402 Human SERPINH1 ATACCATGATGCTG 671042 Human SERPINH1 CTATAAAACTAGGTGCTGCAG

Table 7, lines 312839-313773 shows data relating to target genes and binding site of GAM oligonucleotides.

TABLE 7 GAM GAM GAM RNA TARGET TARG TARGET BINDING SITE DRAW GAM NAME ORGANISM SEQUENCE BS-SEQ TARGET REF-ID ORGANISM (UPPER:TARGET;LOWER:GAM) POS GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA AAACCAAA nup C NC_004431 Escherichia  3 ---     A C TA   A A 3678 CACTGTGG CTTATGCA from 2795390 to coli CFT073     AAACCA A T  TGC GCTG TTTGTA GCTG 2796631 (+)     TTTGGT T A  ACG CGAC   ATG     G C C-   A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA AAACCAAA nup C NC_004741 Shingella  3 ---     A C TA   A A 3678 CACTGTGG CTTATGCA from 2494019 to flexneri 2a     AAACCA A T  TGC GCTG TTTGTA GCTG 2495221 (+) str. 2457T     TTTGGT T A  ACG CGAC   ATG     G C C-   A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA AAACCCTG rel A NC_000962  Mycobacterium 3 ---     C-----      - A 3678 CACTGTGG CTGCG from 2907824 to  tuberculos is      AAACC      TGCTGC G TTTGTA 2910196 (−) H37Rv      TTTGG      ACGACG C   ATG     TGTCAC      A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA AAACCCTG rel A NC_002945 Mycobacterium 3 ---     C-----      - A 3673 CACTGTGG CTGCG from 2875274 to bovis subs p      AAACC      TGCTGC G TTTGTA 2877646 (−) bovis AF21 22/97      TTTGG      ACGACG C   ATG     TGTCAC      A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA AAACCCTT yab O NC_004431 Escherichia 3 ---     C TTC-       T A 3678 CACTGTGG TCTGCTGC from 61489 to coli      AAACC T    TGCTGCT TTTGTA TT 62148 (−) CFT073      TTTGG G    ACGACGA   ATG     T TCAC       C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA AAACCGAT amt B NC_004337 Shigella 3 ---      AT CAG   G A 3678 CACTGTGG GCAGTGCG from 408059 to flexneri      AAACCG  G   TGC GCTG TTTGTA GCTG 409345 (+) 2a str. 301      TTTGGT  C   ACG CGAC   ATG      GT AC-   A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA AAACCGAT amt B NC_004741 Shigella 3 ---      AT CAG   G A 3678 CACTGTGG GCAGTGCG from 407860 to flexneri      AAACCG  G   TGC GCTG TTTGTA GCTG 409146 (+) 2a str. 2457T      TTTGGT  C   ACG CGAC   ATG      GT AC-   A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA AAACCGAT amt B NC_004431 Escherichia 3 ---      AT CCG   G A 3678 CACTGTGG GCCGTGCG from 547616 to coli      AAACCG  G   TGC GCTG TTTGTA GCTG 548902 (+) CFT073      TTTGGT  C   ACG CGAC   ATG      GT AC-   A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA AAACCGCC dsd A NC_003197 Salmonella 3 ---       CCCCAG - A 3678 CACTGTGG CCCAGTCT from 4004453 to typhimurium      AAACCGC      T TTTGTA GCTG 40057 (+) LT2   CTGCTG    TTTGGTG        A GACGAC ATG T2         TCAC - C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA AAACCGGC gad NC_002947 Pseudomonas 3 ---      GCC -   C A 3678 CACTGTGG CTTGCCGC from 4871625 to putida      AAACCG   T TGC GCTG TTTGTA TG 4872929 (+) KT244 0      TTTGGT   A ACG CGAC   ATG      GTC C   A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA AAACGAAT aro A NC_003116 Neisseria 3 ---    G ATTGAATCA   C A 3678 CACTGTGG TGAATCAT from 1557502 to meningitidis      AAAC A         TGC TTTGTA GCCGCTG 1558803 (+) Z 2491   GCTG    TTTG T           ACG CGAC ATG      G GTCAC----   A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA AAACGACG ruv B NC_003143 Yersinia 3 ---   G   ---G    AAAC A 3678 CACTGTGG GGCTGCTG from 2336449 to pestis   ACG   GCTGCTG    TTTG TTTGTA 2337453 (+)     TGT   CGACGAC ATG    G     CACA GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA AAACGACG ruv B NC_004088 Yersinia 3 ---   G   ---G    AAAC A 3678 CACTGTGG GGCTGCTG from 2482031 to pestis KIM   ACG   GCTGCTG    TTTG TTTGTA 2433035 (−)   TGT   CGACGAC ATG    G     CACA GAM35 Human  CAGCAGCA AAACGATA yci E NC_004431 Escherichia  3 ---    G   --- C  A 3678 CACTGTGG TCCTGCTG from 1558641 to coli      AAAC ATA   T CTGCTG TTTGTA 1559147 (−) CFT073      TTTG TGT   A GACGAC   ATG    G   CAC C GAM35 Human  CAGCAGCA AAACGCAT van B NC_002516 Pseudomonas 3 ---    G    T CA   - A 3678 CACTGTGG GTTCATGC from 5504120 to aeruginosa P      AAAC CATG T  TGC TTTGTA GCTG 5505073 (+) A01   GCTG    TTTG GTGT A    ACG CGAC ATG    -   C   C-   A GAM35 Human  CAGCAGCA AAACGCTC fts Y NC_000922 Chlamydophila 3 ---   GC CCGTATAC A 3678 CACTGTGG CGTATACT from 1115427 to pneumoniae        A    AAAC T TTTGTA GCTGCTA 1116299 (-) CWL029    TGCTGCT    TTTG G        ACGA ATG   GT TCAC----    C GAM35 Human  CAGCAGCA  AAACGCTC fts Y NC_002491 Chlamydophila 3 ---    GC CCGTATAC A 3678 CACTGTGG  CGTATACT from 1113127 to pneumoniae         A    AAAC  T TTTGTA GCTGCTA 1113999 (-) J138          TGCTGCT    TTTG    G        ACGACGA ATG      GT TCAC----       C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA AAACTAAT rbs R NC_004337 Shigella  3 ---      ATCGACAGT A 3678 CACTGTGG CGACAGTT from 3947708 to  flexneri        -     AAACTA TTTGTA GCTGCG 3948700 (+) 2a str. 301           TGCTGC G      TTTGGT           ACGACG C ATG        GTCAC----      A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA AAACTAAT rbs R NC_004741 Shigella 3 ---     ATCGACAGT A 3678 CACTGTGG CGACAGTT from 3824594 to flexneri      -     AAACTA TTTGTA GCTGCG 3825577 (-) 2a str.           TGCTGC G 2457T     TTTGGT          ACGACG C ATG       GTCAC----      A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA AAACTAGG SER NM_001235 Human 3 ---      G ---      A A 3678 CACTGTGG TGCTGCAG PIN      AAACTA G   TGCTGC G TTTGTA H 1      TTTGGT T   ACGACG C   ATG      G CAC      A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA AAACTCAG aro H NC_004337 Shigella 3 ---    T  G C  GCAA A 3678 ACTGTGG GCTGGCAA from 1557527 to flexneri      AAAC CA G TG TTTGTA GCTGCTG 1558573 (-) 2a str. 301      GCTGCTG    TTTG GT T   AC    CGACGAC ATG    -    G C  ---A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA AAAGCTGC zra P NC_003197 Salmonella 3 ---   G ------       T A 3678 CACTGTGG TGCTT from 4387727 to typhimurium      AAA C      TGCTGCT TTTGTA 4338182 (-) LT2      TTT G      ACGACGA   ATG   G TGTCAC       C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA AAATCAGT cys M NC_003197 Salmonella 3 ---      GTTGTACT  T A 3678 CACTGTGG TGTACTTG from 2551651 to typhimurium      AAATCA        TG TTTGTA TTGCTG 2552562 (-) LT2   TGCTG    TTTGGT          AC ACGAC ATG        GTCAC---  G GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA AACATTGC rbs R NC_004431 Escherichia 3 ---  - -  ----    AA C A 3678 CACTGTGG  TGCTG from 4439260 to coli CFT073   AT    TGCTGCTG    TT G TTTGTA 4440252 (+)   TG    ACGACGAC ATG  T G    TCAC GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA AACTGCTG oxy R NC_003197 Salmonella 3 ---  - -------       C A 3678 CACTGTGG CTC from 4343080 to typhimurium      AA C       TGCTGCT TTTGTA 4343997 (+)      TT G       ACGACGA   ATG  T GTGTCAC       C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA AACTGCTG  oxy R NC_003198 Salmonella 3 ---  - -------       C A 3678 CACTGTGG CTC from 3607204 to enterica       AA C       TGCTGCT TTTGTA 3608121 (-) serovar      TT G       ACGACGA Typhi    ATG  T GTGTCAC       C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA AACTGCTG  oxy R NC_004631 Salmonella  3 ---  - -------       C A 3678 CACTGTGG CTC from 3592864 to enterica      AA C       TGCTGCT TTTGTA 3593781 (-) enterica      TT G       ACGACGA serovar   ATG  T GTGTCAC       C Typhi Ty2 GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA AAGCCGGT aro A NC_003116 Neisseria  3 ---      GTTGCGG A 3678 CACTGTGG TGCGGTGC from 1557502 to  meningitidis      AAGCCG TTTGTA TGCTG 1558803 (+) Z 2491          TGCTGCTG      TTTGGT         ACGACGAC ATG         GTCAC-- GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA AATCCACT gig P NC_003193 Salmonella 3 --- T    TCC   T     AA A 3678  CACTGTGG CCGTGTTG from 4144568 to enterica   CCAG   GTG TGCTG    TT TTTGTA CTG 4147015 (+) enterica   GGTG   CAC ACGAC ATG  T serovar Typhi      TCA   G GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA AATCCACT gig P NC_004631  Salmonella 3 --- T    TCC   T     AA A 3678  CACTGTGG CCGTGTTG from 4129215 to enterica   CCAG   GTG TGCTG    TT TTTGTA  CTG 4131662 (+) enterica   GGTG   CAC ACGAC ATG  T serovar Typhi      TCA   G Ty2 GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA ACATGCTG nup C NC_004431 Escherichia 3 --- -- - -----       T A 3678 CACTGTGG CTT from 2795390 to coli CFT073      A  C A     TGCTGCT TTTGTA 2796631 (+)      T  G T     ACGACGA   ATG  TT G GTCAC      C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA ACATGCTG nup C NC_004741 Shigella 3 --- -- - -----       T A 3678 CACTGTGG CTT from 2494019 to flexneri 2a       A  C A     TGCTGCT TTTGTA 2495221 (+) str. 2457T      T  G T     ACGACGA   ATG  TT G GTCAC      C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA ACGATGGT pho Y2 NC_000962 Mycobacterium  3 --- -- G      TAC A 3678 CACTGTGG GTACTGCT from 913556 to tuberculosis         T  A    C ATGGTG TTTGTA GCTT 914197 (-) H37Rv     TGCTGCT    T  G   TGTCAC   ACGACGA ATG TT   G     ---        C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA ACGATGGT pho Y2 NC_002945 Mycobacterium 3 --- -- G      TAC A 3678 CACTGTGG GTACTGCT from 914388 to bovis subs p          T  A    C ATGGTG TTTGTA GCTT 915029 (-) bovis AF21     TGCTGCT    T  G 22/97   TGTCAC   ACGACGA ATG TT   G     ---        C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA ACTGCTGC glg P NC_003193 Salmonella 3 --- -- -------       C A 3678 CACTGTGG TC from 4144568 to enterica      A  C       TGCTGCT TTTGTA 4147015 (+) enterica      T  G       ACGACGA serovar   ATG TT GTGTCAC       C Typhi GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA ACTGCTGC glg P Salmonella NC_004631 3 --- -- -------       C A 3678 CACTGTGG TC enterica from 4129215 to      A  C       TGCTGCT TTTGTA enterica 4131662 (+)      T  G       ACGACGA serovar   ATG TT GTGTCAC       C Typhi Ty2 GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA AGAATGTT rec G NC_00677 Mycobacterium 3 ---   --   T  TTAG A 3678 CACTGTGG GTTAGTGC from 2014723 to leprae      AGA  ATG TG TTTGTA TGCTG 2016954 (−)    TGCTGCTG    TTT  TGT AC    ACGACGAC ATG   GG   C  ---- GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA AGACCATG rel A NC_000962 Mycobacterium 3 ---        AA AACTG A 3678 CACTGTGG AAGAACTG from 2907824 to tuberculosis      AGACCATG  G  TTTGTA GCTGCTG 2910196 (−) is H37Rv       GCTGCTG    TTTGGTGT    C     CGACGAC ATG          CA ----A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA AGACCATG rel A NC_002945 Mycobacterium 3 ---        AA AACTG A 3678 CACTGTGG AAGAACTG from 2875274 to bovis subs      AGACCATG  G  TTTGTA GCTGCTG 2877646 (−) p bovis      GCTGCTG     TTTGGTGT AF21    C    CGACGAC  ATG 46 (-) 22/97         CA ----A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA AGCTTGCT glp C NC_003143 Yersinia 3 ---  -  ------    AG CT A 3678 CACTGTGG GCTG from 4289650 to pestis        TGCTGCTG    TT GG     TTTGTA 4290897 (-)          ACGACGAC ATG  T    TGTCAC GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA AGCTTGCT glp C NC_004088 Yersinia 3 ---  -  ------    AG CT A 3678 CACTGTGG GCTG from 454677 to pestis KIM        TGCTGCTG    TT GG     TTTGTA 456047 (+)        ACGACGAC ATG  T    TGTCAC GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA ATACCAAG fts Y NC_000922 Chlamydophila 3 --- T    A----G    A A 3678 CACTGTGG GCTGCTG from 1115427 to pneumoniae   ACCA      GCTGCTG    T TTTCTA 1116299 (-) CWL029   TGGT      CGACGAC ATG T        GTCACA GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA ATACCAAG fts Y NC_002491 Chlamydophila 3 --- T    A----G    A A 3678 CACTGTGG GCTGCTG from 1113127 to pneumoniae   ACCA      GCTGCTG    T TTTGTA 1113999 (-) J138   TGGT      CGACGAC ATG T      GTCACA GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA ATACCATG SER NM_001235 Human 3 --- T    -----  A    A A 3678 CACTGTGG ATGCTG PIN H 1   ACCA     TG TGCTG    T TTTGTA   TGGT     AC ACGAC ATG T      GTCAC  G  GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA ATTTCTGC aro D NC_004342 Leptospira 3 --- TT  ------       T A 3678 CACTGTGG TGCTT from 48128 to interrogans      A  TC      TGCTGCT TTTGTA 48832 (-) serovarlai      T  GG      ACGACGA str. 56601   ATG TT  TGTCAC       C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAAAAACG acc C NC_002929 Bordetella 3 --    A-     C   C A 3678 CACTGTGG GTCTGCCG from 926407 to pertussis     CAAA  ACGGT TGC GCTG TTTGTA CTG 927777 (+)     GTTT  TGTCA ACG CGAC   AT    GG     C   A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAAAAGCT zra P NC_003197 Salmonella 3 --    -- GCT TTCGCT   G A 3678 CACTGTGG TTTCGCTT from 4387727 to typhimurium     CAAA  A   T      TGC TTTGTA GCGGCTG 4388182 (-) LT2   GCTG   GTTT  T   A        ACG CGAC AT    GG   GTC C-----   A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAAAAGTC glp D NC_004310 Brucella 3 --    -- GTCGTCCTG   G A 3678 CACTGTGG GTCCTGTG from 210763 to suis 1330     CAAA  A         TGC  TTTGTA CGGCTG 212274 (+)   GCTG   GTTT  T           ACG CGAC AT      GG GTCAC----   A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAAACAGG avt A NC_004337 Shigella 3 --     - G C--   CAAAC A 3678 CACTGTGG CTGCTGCT from 3721175 to flexneri   A G   TGCTGCTG   GTTTG TTTGTA G 3722533 (+) 2a str. 301   T T   ACGACGAC AT     G   G CAC GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAAACAGG avt A NC_004741 Shigella 3 --     - G C--   CAAAC A 3678 CACTGTGG CTGCTGCT from 4052685 to flexneri   A G   TGCTGCTG   GTTTG TTTGTA G 4053938 (-) 2a str. 2457T   T T   ACGACGAC AT     G   G CAC GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAAACATC mia A NC_000117 Chlamydia 3 --     -  CA  GT     T A 3678 CACTGTGG ATGGTTGC from 899276 to trachomatis   TG   GTTTG TG  AC TTTGTA 900295 (+)    ACGAC AC AT    G  TC    --     G GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAAACCAG sel B NC_002947 Pseudomonas 3 --       GC G- - A 3678 CACTGTGG CGGTCTGC from 582133 to putida KT2440     CAAACCA  G  T CTGCTG TTTGTA TG 584055 (+)     GTTTGGT  C  A GACGAC   AT       GT AC C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAAACCAT mia A NC_000117 Chlamydia 3 --       -----  A A 3678 CACTGTGG GATGCTG from 899276 to trachomatis     CAAACCA     TG TGCTG TTTGTA 900295 (+)     GTTTGGT     AC ACGAC   AT       GTCAC G GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAAACCGA min E NC_002947 Pseudomonas 3 --       ACCC-   A 3678 CACTGTGG CCCTGCTG from 1932680 to putida KT2440     CAAACCA     TGCTGCTG TTTGTA CTG 1932934 (-)     GTTTGGT     ACGACGAC   AT       GTCAC  GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAAACCGC dna E NC_002677 Mycobacterium 3 --           AC  G A 3678 CACTGTGG AGTACTGG from 1423014 to leptae     CAAACCGCAGT  TG TGCTG TTTGTA TGCTG 1426547 (+)     GTTTGGTGTCA  AC ACGAC   AT           C-  G GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAAACTCT aro D NC_004342 Leptospira 3 --      C TT TC T A 3678 CACTGTGG TTTTCTTC from 48128 to interrogans     CAAACT T  T  T CTGCTG TTTGTA TGCTG 48832 (-) serovarlai     GTTTGG G  A  A GACGAC str. 56601   AT      T TC C- C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAAAGCAC pts H NC_003198 Salmonella 3 --    G   ----   CAAA A 3678 CACTGTGG TGCTGCTG from 2505403 to enterica   CAC    TGCTGCTG   GTTT TTTGTA 2505660 (+) enterica      GTG    ACGACGAC AT    G serovar Typhi     TCAC GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAAAGCCG amt B NC_004337 Shigella 3 --    G CGC --   - A 3678 CACTGTGG CGTGCGCT from 408059 to flexneri     CAAA C   G  TGC GCTG TTTGTA G 409345 (+) 2a str. 301      GTTT G   C  ACG CGAC   AT    G TGT AC   A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAAAGCCG amt B NC_004431 Escherichia 3 --    G CGC --   - A 3678 CACTGTGG CGTGCGCT from 547616 to coli CFT073     CAAA C   G  TGC GCTG TTTGTA G 548902 (+)     GTTT G   C  ACG CGAC   AT    G TGT AC   A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAAAGCCG amt B NC_004741 Shigella 3 --    G CGC --   - A 3678 CACTGTGG CGTGCGCT from 407860 to flexneri     CAAA C   G  TGC GCTG TTTGTA G 409146 (+) 2a str. 2457T      GTTT G   C  ACG CGAC   AT    G TGT AC   A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAAAGCCT pil T NC_002947 Pseudomonas 3 --    G C TT TTCGG A 3678 CACTGTGG TTTTTCGG from 5816934 to putida KT2440     CAAA C T  T TTTGTA GCTGCTG 5817944 (-)       GCTGCTG   GTTT G G    A     CGACGAC AT    G   T TC C---A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAAAGCGT cys M NC_003197 Salmonella 3 --    G   CA  TAA    T A 3678 CACTGTGG CATGTAAT from 2551651 to typhimurium     CAAA CGT  TG   TGCT TTTGTA GCTTGCTG 2552562 (-) LT2   GCTG   GTTT GTG  AC     ACGA CGAC AT    G     TC  ---    - GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAAATCCC glc C NC_004431 Escherichia 3 --      C CAGT  - A 3678 CACTGTGG CAGTTGTG from 3542871 to coli CFT073     CAAATC C    TG TGCTG TTTGTA CTG 3543695 (+)     GTTTGG G    AC ACGAC   AT      T TCAC  G GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAACACAT aro H NC_004337 Shigella 3 --   CA   TACTGCT    - A 3678 CACTGTGG TACTGCTT from 1557527 to flexneri     CAA  CAT       TGCT TTTGTA GCTCTG 1558573 (-) 2a str. 301   CTG   GTT  GTG         ACGA GAC AT   TG     TCAC---    C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAACACTT spe D NC_003197 Salmonella 3 --   - -  TT--   - A 3678 CACTGTGG TGCGCTG from 194201 to typhimurium     CAA C AC    TGC GCTG TTTGTA 194995 (-) LT2     GTT G TG    ACG CGAC   AT   T G  TCAC   A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAACACTT spe D NC_003198 Salmonella 3 --   - -  TT--   - A 3678 CACTGTGG TGCGCTG from 196389 to enterica     CAA C AC    TGC GCTG TTTGTA 197183 (-) enterica     GTT G TG    ACG CGAC serovar Typhi   AT   T G  TCAC   A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAACACTT spe D NC_004631 Salmonella 3 --   - -  TT--   - A 3678 CACTGTGG TGCGCTG from 196380 to enterica     CAA C AC    TGC GCTG TTTGTA 197174 (-) enterica     GTT G TG    ACG CGAC serovar Typhi   AT   T G  TCAC   A Ty2 GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAACAGCA ace K NC_002947 Pseudomonas 3 --   - - GCAGT   CAA C A 3678 CACTGTGG GTTGCTGC from 5184742 to putida KT2440   A     TGCTGCTG   GTT G TTTGTA TG 5186457 (-)   T     ACGACGAC AT   T G   GTCAC GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAACAGTT fmt B NC_002745 Staphylococcus 3 --   - - GTT CTTGG - A 3678 CACTGTGG TCTTGGTC (mrp) from 2218145 to aureussu bsp.     CAA C A   T     T TTTGTA TGCTG 2225590 (-) aureus N315   CTGCTG   GTT G T   A       A GACGAC AT   T G   GTC C---- C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAACAGTT fmt B NC_002758 Staphylococcus 3 --   - - GTT CTTGG - A 3678 CACTGTGG TCTTGGTC (mrp) from 2287935 to aureussu bsp.     CAA C A   T     T TTTGTA TGCTG 2295380 (-) aureus Mu50   CTGCTG   GTT G T   A       A GACGAC AT   T G   GTC C---- C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAACAGTT tru NC_003923 Staphylococcus 3 --   - - GTT CTTGG - A 3678 CACTGTGG TCTTGGTC nca from 2238083 to aureussu bsp.     CAA C A   T     T TTTGTA TGCTG ted 2240143 (-) aureus MW2   CTGCTG   GTT G T   A fmt       A GACGAC AT   T G   GTC C---- C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAACCCAC cys Q NC_002947 Pseudomonas 3 --   C    CAGCAC      - A 3678 CACTGTGG CAGCACTG from 315184 to putida KT2440     CAA CCAC      TGCTGC TTTGTA CTGCG 315984 (+)   G   GTT GGTG        ACGACG C AT   T      TCAC--      A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAACCGCT pho Y2 NC_000962 Mycobacterium 3 --   -   ----   CAA A 3678 CACTGTGG GCTGCTG from 913556 to tuberculosis   CCGC    TGCTGCTG   GTT TTTGTA 914197 (-) H37Rv   GGTG    ACGACGAC AT   T      TCAC    GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAACCGCT pho Y2 NC_002945 Mycobacterium 3 --   -   ----   CAA A 3678 CACTGTGG GCTGCTG from 914388 to bovis subs p   CCGC    TGCTGCTG   GTT TTTGTA 915029 (-) bovis AF21   GGTG    ACGACGAC AT   T 22/97      TCAC    GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAACCGGT dad X NC_004431 Escherichia 3 --   -   G----      - A 3678 CACTGTGG GCTGCTG from 1476306 to coli CFT073     CAA CCG     TGCTGC G TTTGTA 1477376 (+)     GTT GGT     ACGACG C   AT   T   GTCAC      A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAACCGTC fha L NC_002929 Bordetella 3 --   -    C GTGA    - A 3678 CACTGTGG GGTGATGC from 3085865 to pertussis     CAA CCGT G    TGCT TTTGTA TCTG 3098455 (+)   CTG   GTT GGTG C      ACGA GAC AT   T   T   AC--    C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAACCTGC spe D NC_003197 Salmonella 3 --   -  ------   - A 3678 CACTGTGG GCTG from 194201 to typhimurium     CAA CC      TGC GCTG TTTGTA 194995 (-) LT2     GTT GG      ACG CGAC   AT   T  TGTCAC   A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAACCTGC spe D NC_003198 Salmonella 3 --   -  ------   - A 3678 CACTGTGG GCTG from 196389 to enterica     CAA CC      TGC GCTG TTTGTA 197183 (-) enterica     GTT GG      ACG CGAC serovar Typhi   AT   T  TGTCAC   A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAACCTGC spe D NC_004631 Salmonella 3 --   -  ------   - A 3678 CACTGTGG GCTG from 196380 to enterica     CAA CC      TGC GCTG TTTGTA 197174 (-) enterica     GTT GG      ACG CGAC serovar Typhi   AT   T  TGTCAC   A Ty2 GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAACGCCA flh B NC_002929 Bordetella 3 --   CG   -----A   CAA A 3678 CACTGTGG AGCTGCTG from 1441767 to pertussis    CCA      GCTGCTG   GTT TTTGTA 1442921 (+)    GGT      CGACGAC AT     T-   GTCACA GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAAGCCAA sse B NC_004431 Escherichia 3 --       A---- - A 3678 CACTGTGG TCTGCTG from 2922456 to coli CFT073     CAAGCCA     T CTGCTG TTTGTA 2923241 (-)     GTTTGGT     A GACGAC   AT       GTCAC C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAAGCCCG aer-2 NC_002947 Pseudomonas 3 --      CGCT--     - A 3678 CACTGTGG CTTGCTGT from 2406996 to putida KT2440     CAAGCC      TGCTG TG TTTGTA G 2408561  (-)     GTTTGG      ACGAC AC   AT      TGTCAC     G GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAAGCCTG lpp I NC_000962 Mycobacterium 3 --      ------   - A 3678 CACTGTGG CGCTG from 2291267 to tuberculosis     CAAGCC      TGC GCTG TTTGTA 2291923 (+) H37Rv     GTTTGG      ACG CGAC   AT      TGTCAC   A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAAGCCTG lpp I NC_002945 Mycobacterium 3 --      ------   - A 3678 CACTGTGG CGCTG from 2275182 to bovis subs p     CAAGCC      TGC GCTG TTTCTA 2275838 (+) bovis AF21     GTTTGG      ACG CGAC 22/97   AT      TGTCAC   A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAAGCTGC ris A NC_002929 Bordetella 3                  CAAGC A 3678 CACTGTGG TGCTG from 3765257 to pertussis         TGCTGCTG   GTTTG TTTGTA 3765991 (-)         ACGACGAC AT       GTGTCAC GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAAGGACC acc C NC_002929 Bordetella 3 --   GG    -----   - A 3678 CACTGTGG ATGCGCTG from 926407 to pertussis     CAA  ACCA     TGC TTTGTA 927777 (+)   GCTG   GTT  TGGT       ACG CGAC AT   --      GTCAC   A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAAGGCAA rps T NC_002947 Pseudomonas 3 --    G  A  G- -   CAAG A 3678 CACTGTGG AGGTCTGC from 707068 to putida KT2440   CA AG  T CTGCTG   GTTT TTTGTA TG 707346 (-)   GT TC  A GACGAC AT    G    G  AC C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAATAACA fmt B NC_002745 Staphylococcus 3 --   T A  A----   A A 3678 CACTGTGG ATGCAGCT (mrp) from 2218145 to aureussu bsp.     CAA A CA     TGC GCTG TTTGTA G 2225590 (-) aureus N315     GTT T GT     ACG CGAC   AT   - G  GTCAC   A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAATAACA fmt B NC_002758 Staphylococcus 3 --   T A  A----   A A 3678 CACTGTGG ATGCAGCT (mrp) from 2287935 to aureussu bsp.     CAA A CA     TGC GCTG TTTGTA G 2295380 (-) aureus Mu50     GTT T GT     ACG CGAC   AT   - G  GTCAC   A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAATAACA tru NC_003923 Staphylococcus 3 --   T A  A----   A 3678 CACTGTGG ATGCAGCT nca from 2238083 to aureussu bsp.     CAA A CA     TGC GCTG TTTGTA G ted 2240143 (-) aureus MW2     GTT T GT     ACG CGAC fmt B   AT   - G  GTCAC   A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAATAGCG nup C NC_004337 Shigella 3 --   T-- GC CC   CAA A 3678 CACTGTGG CCTGCTGC from 2515842 to flexneri 2a     A  G  TGCTGCTG   GTT TTTGTA TG 2517083 (+) str. 301     T  C  ACGACGAC AT     TGG GT AC GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAATAGCG nup C NC_004431 Escherichia 3 --   T-- GC CC   CAA A 3678 CACTGTGG CCTGCTGC from 2795390 to coli CFT073     A  G  TGCTGCTG   GTT TTTGTA TG 2796631 (+)     T  C  ACGACGAC AT     TGG GT AC GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAATAGCG nup C NC_004741 Shigella 3 --   T-- GC CC   CAA A 3678 CACTGTGG CCTGCTGC from 2494019 to flexneri 2a     A  G  TGCTGCTG   GTT TTTGTA TG 2495221 (+) str. 2457T     T  C  ACGACGAC AT     TGG GT AC GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAATATAG def NC_000922 Chlamydophila 3 --   TA  G AGC       A A 3678 CACTGTGG AAGCTGCT from 1221735 to pneumoniae     CAA  TA A   TGCTGCT TTTGTA GCTA 1222295 (+) CWL029     GTT  GT T   ACGACGA   AT   TG  G CAC       C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAATATAG def NC_002491 Chlamydophila 3 --   TA  G AGC       A A 3678 CACTGTGG AAGCTGCT from 1218069 to pneumoniae     CAA  TA A   TGCTGCT TTTCTA CCTA 1218629 (+) J138     GTT  GT T   ACGACGA   AT   TG  G CAC       C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAATCACC glc C NC_004431 Escherichia 3 --   T -  C G CCGA   G A 3678 CACTGTGG GGGCCGAT from 3542871 to coli CFT073     CAA C AC G G    TGC TTTGTA GCGGCTG 3543695 (+)   GCTG   GTT G TG C C      ACG CGAC AT   T G  T   A ----   A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAATCAGG pta NC_002947 Pseudomonas 3 --   T - G  A- A   CAA A 3678 CACTGTGG GATACTGC from 891625 to putida KT2440   C A GG  T CTGCTG   GTT TTTGTA TG 893712 (-)   G T TC  A GACGAC AT   T   G G  AC C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAATCCCC tcf A NC_002929 Bordetella 3 --   T  C  C - C   CAA A 3678 CACTGTGG GCTTCCTG from 1264436 to pertussis   CC CG T T CTGCTG   GTT TTTGTA CTG 1266379 (+)   GG GT A A GACGAC AT   T    T  C C C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAATCCCG ruv B NC_003142 Yersinia 3 --   T  CG CCATT    - A 3678 CACTGTGG GCCATTTG from 2336449 to pestis     CAA CC  G     TGCT TTTGTA CTCTG 2337453 (+)   CTG   GTT GG  T       ACGA GAC AT   T  TG   CAC--    C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAATCCCG ruv B NC_004088 Yersinia 3 --   T  CG CCATT    - A 3678 CACTGTGG GCCATTTG from 2482031 to pestis KIM     CAA CC  G     TGCT TTTGTA CTCTG 2483035 (-)   CTG   GTT GG  T       ACGA GAC AT   T  TG   CAC--    C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAATCGCA nup C NC_004337 Shigella 3 --   T G  GCAC-  G A 3678 CACTGTGG GCACTGGT from 2515842 to flexneri 2a     CAA C CA     TG TGCTG TTTGTA GCTG 2517083 (+) str. 301     GTT G GT     AC ACGAC   AT   T -  GTCAC  G GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAATCGCA rps T NC_002947 Pseudomonas 3 --   T T   TT C   - A 3678 CACTGTGG CTTTCTGC from 707068 to putida KT2440     CAA C CAC  T TGC GCTG TTTGTA GCTG 707346 (-)     GTT G GTG  A ACG CGAC   AT   T -   TC C   A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CACACAGG prc A NC_002677 Mycobacterium 3 --  C  - G TCATCCT   - A 3678 CACTGTGG TCATCCTT from 1576553 to leprae     CA AC A G       TGC TTTGTA GCGCTG 1577350 (+)   GCTG   GT TG T T         ACG CGAC AT  T  G   G CAC----   A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CACATGTT nup C NC_004337 Shingella 3 --  -- -   T  TACA A 3678 CACTGTGG GTACATGC from 2515842 to flexneri 2a         T   CA  C ATG TG TTTGTA TGCTT 2517083 (+) str. 301      TGCTGCT   GT  G TGT   AC    ACGACGA AT  TT G     C  ----       C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CACCAATG lpp I NC_000962 Mycobacterium 3 --  --   A----    C A 3678 CACTGTGG CTCCTG from 2291267 to tuberculosis     CA  CCA     TGCT CTG TTTGTA 2291923 (+) H37Rv     GT  GGT     ACGA GAC   AT  TT   GTCAC    C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CACCAATG lpp I NC_002945 Mycobacterium 3 --  --   A----    C A 3678 CACTGTGG CTCCTG from 2275182 to bovis subs     CA  CCA     TGCT CTG TTTGTA 2275838 (+) p bovis AF21     GT  GGT     ACGA GAC 22/97   AT  TT   GTCAC    C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CACCACCG omp G NC_004431 Escherichia 3 --  --    C CTAAC A 3678 CACTGTGG CTAACTGC from 1624577 to coli CFT073        -   CA  CCAC G TTTGTA TGCG 1625533 (+)       TGCTGC G   GT  GGTG   C     ACGACG C AT  TT      T AC---      A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CACCACCT phn V NC_003198 Salmonella 3 --  --    C--- C   CA A 3678 CACTGTGG CCTGCTG from 471575 to enterica    CCAC    T CTGCTG   GT TTTGTA 472366 (-) enterica    GGTG    A GACGAC AT serovar Typhi    TT    TCAC C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CACCACCT phn V NC_004631 Salmonella 3 --  --    C--- C   CA A 3678 CACTGTGG CCTGCTG from 2508735 to enterica    CCAC    T CTGCTG   GT TTTGTA 2509526 (-) enterica    GGTG    A GACGAC AT serovar Typhi    TT    TCAC C Ty2 GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CACCACGT pil T NC_002947 Pseudomonas 3 --  --     TA     T A 3678 CACTGTGG AGTGCTTC from 5816934 to putida KT2440     CA  CCACG  GTGCT CTG TTTGTA TG 5817944 (-)     GT  GGTGT  CACGA GAC   AT  TT     CA     C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CACCAGCG oxy R NC_003197 Salmonella 3 --  --   GC CC   -   CA A 3678 CACTGTGG CCTGCGCT from 4343080 to typhimurium LT2    CCA  G  TGC GCTG   GT TTTGTA G 4343997 (+)    GGT  C  ACG CGAC AT    TT   GT AC   A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CACCAGCG oxy R NC_003198 Salmonella 3 --  --   GC CC   -   CA A 3678 CACTGTGG CCTGCGCT from 3607204 to enterica    CCA  G  TGC GCTG   GT TTTGTA G 3608121 (-) enterica    GGT  C  ACG CGAC AT serovar Typhi    TT   GT AC   A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CACCAGCG oxy R NC_004631 Salmonella 3 --  --   GC CC   -   CA A 3678 CACTGTGG CCTGCGCT from 3592864 to enterica    CCA  G  TGC GCTG   GT TTTGTA G 3593781 (-) enterica    GGT  C  ACG CGAC AT serovar Typhi    TT   GT AC   A Ty2 GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CACCATGC MGA T5 NM_002410 Human 3 --  --   -----   CA A 3678 CACTGTGG TGCTG    CCA     TGCTGCTG   GT TTTGTA    GGT     ACGACGAC AT    TT   GTCAC GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CACCATTG ipa H_5 NC_004741 Shingella 3 --  --    ----      C A 3678 CACTGTGG CTGCCG from 2023205 to flexneri 2a     CA  CCAT    TGCTGC G TTTGTA 2024848 (+) str. 2457T     GT  GGTG    ACGACG C   AT  TT    TCAC      A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CACCATTG ipa NC_004337 Shingella 3 --  --    ----      C A 3678 CACTGTGG CTGCCG H9.8 from 1422064 to flexneri 2a     CA  CCAT    TGCTGC G TTTGTA 1423779 (-) str. 301     GT  GGTG    ACGACG C   AT  TT    TCAC      A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CACCATTG sit D NC_004337 Shingella 3 --  --    ----      C A 3678 CACTGTGG CTGCCG from 1405360 to flexneri 2a     CA  CCAT    TGCTGC G TTTGTA 1406217 (-) str. 301     GT  GGTG    ACGACG C   AT  TT    TCAC      A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CACCATTG sit D NC_004741 Shingella 3 --  --    ----      C A 3678 CACTGTGG CTGCCG from 1904666 to flexneri 2a     CA  CCAT    TGCTGC G TTTGTA 1905523 (+) str. 2457T     GT  GGTG    ACGACG C   AT  TT    TCAC      A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CACCATTT dna E NC_002677 Mycobacterium 3 --  --   TTC-   C   CA A 3678 CACTGTGG CTGCCGCT from 1423014 to leprae    CCAT   TGC GCTG   GT TTTGTA G 1426547 (+)    GGTG   ACG CGAC AT    TT   TCAC   A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CACCATTT pcn A NC_002677 Mycobacterium 3 --  --   TTC-   C   CA A 3678 CACTGTGG CTGCCGCT from 3248268 to leprae    CCAT   TGC GCTG   GT TTTGTA G 3249728 (-)    GGTG   ACG CGAC AT    TT   TCAC   A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CACCATTT pol A NC_002677 Mycobacterium 3 --  --   TTC-   C   CA A 3678 CACTGTGG CTGCCGCT from 1648220 to leprae    CCAT   TGC GCTG   GT TTTGTA G 1650955 (-)    GGTG   ACG CGAC AT    TT   TCAC   A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CACCATTT tru A NC_002677 Mycobacterium 3 --  --   TTC-   C   CA A 3678 CACTGTGG CTGCCGCT from 2343329 to leprae    CCAT   TGC GCTG   GT TTTGTA G 2344078 (-)    GGTG   ACG CGAC AT    TT   TCAC   A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CACCCAGC dad X NC_004431 Escherichia 3 --  C-   GC  T       T A 3678 CACTGTGG GTTTGCTG from 1476306 to coli CFT073     CA  CCA  GT TGCTGCT TTTGTA CTT 1477376 (+)     GT  GGT  CA ACGACGA   AT  TT   GT  C       C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CACCCAGG nic T NC_000962 Mycobacterium 3 --  C-   G TGTC   CA A 3678 CACTGTGG TGTCGCTG from 3166681 to tuberculosis    CCA G    GCTGCTG   GT TTTGTA CTG 3167799 (+) H37Rv    GGT T    CGACGAC AT    TT   G CACA GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CACCCAGG nic T NC_002945 Mycobacterium 3 --  C-   G TGTC   CA A 3678 CACTGTGG TGTCGCTG from 3123200 to bovis subs    CCA G    GCTGCTG   GT TTTGTA CTG 3124318 (+) p bovis AF21    GGT T    CGACGAC AT 22/97    TT   G CACA GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CACCTTTC ris A NC_002929 Bordetella 3 --  --  T TC--       C A 3678 CACTGTGG TGCTGCTC from 3765257 to pertussis     CA  CC T    TGCTGCT TTTGTA 3765991 (-)     GT  GG G    ACGACGA   AT  TT  T TCAC       C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CACGCCAT ipa H_5 NC_004741 Shingella 3 --  C      TGTGTT  - A 3678 CACTGTGG ATGTGTTT from 2023205 to flexneri 2a     CA GCCATA      TG TTTGTA GTGCTG 2024848 (+) str. 2457T   TGCTG   GT TGGTGT        AC ACGAC AT  T        CAC---  G GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CACGCCAT ipa NC_004337 Shingella 3 --  C      TGTGTT  - A 3678 CACTGTGG ATGTGTTT H9.8 from 1422064 to flexneri 2a     CA GCCATA      TG TTTGTA GTGCTG 1423779 (-) str. 301   TGCTG   GT TGGTGT        AC ACGAC AT  T        CAC---  G GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CACGCCAT sit D NC_004337 Shingella 3 --  C      TGTGTT  - A 3678 CACTGTGG ATGTGTTT from 1405360 to flexneri 2a     CA GCCATA      TG TTTGTA GTGCTG 1406217 (-) str. 301   TGCTG   GT TGGTGT        AC ACGAC AT  T        CAC---  G GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CACGCCAT sit D NC_004741 Shingella 3 --  C      TGTGTT  - A 3678 CACTGTGG ATGTGTTT from 1904666 to flexneri 2a     CA GCCATA      TG TTTGTA GTGCTG 1905523 (+) str. 2457T   TGCTG   GT TGGTGT        AC ACGAC AT  T        CAC---  G GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CACGCCAT rbs R NC_004337 Shingella 3 --    A   T  TACC A 3678 CACTGTGG ATGTGTTT from 3947708 to flexneri 2a     CAGA CAC GT TTTGTA CTGCTG 3948700 (+) str. 301      GCTGCTG   GTTT GTG   CA    CGACGAC AT    G     T  C--A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CACGCCAT rbs R NC_004431 Escherichia 3 --    A   T  TACC A 3678 CACTGTGG ATGTGTTT from 4439260 to coli CFT073     CAGA CAC GT TTTGTA CTGCTG 4440252 (+)      GCTGCTG   GTTT GTG   CA    CGACGAC AT    G     T  C--A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CACGCCAT rbs R NC_004741 Shingella 3 --    A   T  TACC A 3678 CACTGTGG ATGTGTTT from 3824594 to flexneri 2a     CAGA CAC GT TTTGTA CTGCTG 3825577 (-) str. 2457T      GCTGCTG   GTTT GTG   CA    CGACGAC AT    G     T  C--A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAGAAGCA rbs R NC_004337 Shingella 3 --  G  G    AACAT   CA A 3678 CACTGTGG TGAACATT from 3947708 to flexneri 2a   AA CATG     TGCTGCTG TTTGTA GCTGCTG 3948700 (+) str. 301     GT TT GTGT       ACGACGAC AT  -  G      CAC-- GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAGAAGCA rbs R NC_004741 Shingella 3 --  G  G    AACAT   CA A 3678 CACTGTGG TGAACATT from 3824594 to flexneri 2a   AA CATG     TGCTGCTG TTTGTA GCTGCTG 3825577 (-) str. 2457T     GT TT GTGT       ACGACGAC AT  -  G      CAC-- GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAGACGAT fep C NC_002516 Pseudomonas 3 --     G  C--- C A 3678 CACTGTGG CTCCTGCT from 4653508 to aeruginosa     CAGAC AT    T CTGCTG TTTGTA G 4654305 (-) PA01     GTTTG TG    A GACGAC   AT     G  TCAC C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAGACTCA pil T NC_002947 Pseudomonas 3 --     T  GC---       C A 3678 CACTGTGG GCTGCTGC from 5816934 to putida KT2440     CAGAC CA     TGCTGCT TTTGTA TC 5817944 (-)     GTTTG GT     ACGACGA   AT     -  GTCAC       C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAGCAGGC cII NC_003198 Salmonella 3 --   - - G C T   CAG C A 3678 CACTGTGG TTTGCTGC from 4537312 to enterica   A G T TGCTGCTG   GTT G TTTGTA TG 4537533 (+) enterica   T T A ACGACGAC AT   T G serovar Typhi   G C C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAGCAGGC cII NC_004631 Salmonella 3 --   - - G C T   CAG C A 3678 CACTGTGG TTTGCTGC from 4520121 to enterica   A G T TGCTGCTG   GTT G TTTGTA TG 4520342 (+) enterica   T T A ACGACGAC AT   T G serovar Typhi   G C C Ty2 GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAGCCACA gad NC_002947 Pseudomonas 3 --   -    ----A   CAG A 3678 CACTGTGG GCTGCTG from 4871625 to putida KT2440   GGTG     CGACGAC AT   T TTTGTA 4872929 (+)      TCACA GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAGCCAGG phn V NC_003198 Salmonella 3 --   -   G T T    - A 3678 CACTGTGG TTTTGCTC from 471575 to enterica     CAG CCA G T TGCT CTG TTTGTA TG 472366 (-) enterica     GTT GGT T A ACGA GAC serovar Typhi   AT   T   G C C    C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAGCCAGG phn V NC_004631 Salmonella 3 --   -   G T T    - A 3678 CACTGTGG TTTTGCTC from 2508735 to enterica     CAG CCA G T TGCT CTG TTTGTA TG 2509526 (+) enterica     GTT GGT T A ACGA GAC serovar Typhi   AT   T   G C C    C Ty2 GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAGCGAGG tcf A NC_002929 Bordetella 3 --   - G G CCTCG   CAG A 3678 CACTGTGG CCTCGTGC from 1264436 to pertussis   C A G     TGCTGCTG TTTGTA TGCTG 1266379 (+)     GTT G T T       ACGACGAC AT   T G G   CAC-- GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAGCGCTT uhp A NC_003143 Yersinia 3 --   CG T     A   CAG A 3678 CACTGTGG GGTGATGC from 4522790 to pestis    C TGGTG TGCTGCTG   GTT TTTGTA TGCTG 4523380 (-)    G GTCAC ACGACGAC AT     TG T     - GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAGCGCTT cys Q NC_002947 Pseudomonas 3 --     G  G   CAGGC CA A 3678 CACTGTGG GGTGATGC from 315184 to putida KT2440   GGTGTGCTGCTG   GTTTG GT TTTGTA TGCTG 315984 (+)   TCACACGACGAC AT     -    G GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CATACCTC pbp G NC_002947 Pseudomonas 3 --  T   T CCGCAC      C A 3678 CACTGTGG CCGCACTG from 4323707 to putida KT2440     CA ACC C      TGCTGC TTTGTA CTGCCG 4324633 (+)   G   GT TGG G        ACGACG C AT  T   T   TCAC--      A GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CATATCTG ung NC_000907 Haemophilus 3 --  T   ------   CA ATC A 3678 CACTGTGG CTGCTG from 18676 to influenzae R d        TGCTGCTG   GT TGG TTTGTA 19335 (+)        ACGACGAC AT  T     TGTCAC GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CATCCACA ssb NC_002947 Pseudomonas 3 --  T-     ---C   CA A 3678 CACTGTGG CGCTGCTG from 571027 to putida KT2440    CCACA    GCTGCTG   GT TTTGTA 571572 (+)    GGTGT    CGACGAC AT    TT     CACA GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CATCCATA rbs R NC_004431 Escherichia 3 --  T-     TC CCAT A 3678 CACTGTGG TCGCCATT from 4439260 to coli CFT073       G   CA  CCATA  G TTTGTA GCTGGTG 4440252 (+)      TGCTG TG   GT  GGTGT         ACGAC AC AT  TT       CA ----     G GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CATCGCGG glp C NC_003143 Yersinia 3 -- TCG  G CGCGC A 3678 CACTGTGG GCGCGCTG from 4289650 to pestis        C   CA   CG G TTTGTA CTGCTC 4290897 (-)      TGCTGCT   GT   GT T      ACGACGA AT  TTG  G   CAC--      C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CATCGCGG glp C NC_004088 Yersinia 3 -- TCG  G CGCGC A 3678 CACTGTGG GCGCGCTG from 454677 to pestis KIM        C   CA   CG G TTTGTA CTGCTC 456047 (+)      TGCTGCT   GT   GT T      ACGACGA AT  TTG  G   CAC--      C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CATCGCGG dna E NC_002677 Yersinia 3 --  T   GT GTGGA A 3678 CACTGTGG TGGTGGAT from 1423014 to pestis      T   CA GTCG  G TTTGTA GCTGCTT 1426547 (-)    TGCTGCT   GT TGGT C     ACGACGA AT  T   GT AC---       C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CATCGCGG pcn A NC_002677 Mycobacterium 3 --  T   GT GTGGA A 3678 CACTGTGG TGGTGGAT from 3248268 to leprae      T   CA GTCG  G TTTGTA GCTGCTT 3249728 (-)    TGCTGCT   GT TGGT C     ACGACGA AT  T   GT AC---       C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CATCGCGG pol A NC_002677 Mycobacterium 3 --  T   GT GTGGA A 3678 CACTGTGG TGGTGGAT from 1648220 to leprae      T   CA GTCG  G TTTGTA GCTGCTT 1650955 (-)    TGCTGCT   GT TGGT C     ACGACGA AT  T   GT AC---       C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CATCGCGG tru A NC_002677 Mycobacterium 3 --  T   GT GTGGA A 3678 CACTGTGG TGGTGGAT from 2343329 to leprae      T   CA GTCG  G TTTGTA GCTGCTT 2344078 (-)    TGCTGCT   GT TGGT C     ACGACGA AT  T   GT AC---       C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CCCGTGCT omp G NC_004431 Escherichia 3 -- ---   -----       T A 3678 CACTGTGG GCTT from 1624577 to coli CFT073     C   CCG     TGCTGCT TTTGTA 1625533 (+)     G   GGT     ACGACGA   AT TTT   GTCAC       C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CCCTCGGT flh B NC_002929 Bordetella 3 -- ---  T   --   C   CC A 3678 CACTGTGG GCTGCTG from 1441767 to pertussis   CGG  TGCTGCTG   G   GG TTTGTA 1442921 (+)   GTC  ACGACGAC AT TTT  T     AC GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CGAACCAC aer-2 NC_002947 Pseudomonas 3 --        C A-     - A 3678 CACTGTGG CGATGCTG from 2406996 to putida KT2440     CGAACCAC G  TGCTG TG TTTGTA TG 2408561 (-)     GTTTGGTG C  ACGAC AC   AT        T AC     G GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CGAACGTG prc A NC_002677 Mycobacterium 3 --     G------   CGAAC A 3678 CACTGTGG CTGCTG from 1576553 to leprae         TGCTGCTG   GTTTG TTTGTA 1577350 (+)         ACGACGAC AT       GTGTCAC GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CGACCACC van B NC_002516 Pseudomonas 3 --   -    C C   G   CGA A 3678 CACTGTGG GCGTGGTG from 5504120 to aeruginosa   CCAC G GTG TGCTG   GTT TTTGTA CTG 5505073 (+) PA01   GGTG C CAC ACGAC AT   T      T A   G GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CGACTGCT pch A NC_002516 Pseudomonas 3 --   - -------   CGA C A 3678 CACTGTGG GCTG from 4745120 to aeruginosa         TGCTGCTG   GTT G TTTGTA 4746550 (+) PA01         ACGACGAC AT   T   GTGTCAC GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CGAGCGAT dsd A NC_003197 Salmonella 3 --     G -----       T A 3678 CACTGTGG GCTGCTT from 4004453 to typhimurium     CGAGC A     TGCTGCT TTTGTA 4005775 (+) LT2     GTTTG T     ACGACGA   AT     G GTCAC       C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CGAGGGAT nic T NC_000962 Mycobacterium 3 --    GG   TA        C A 3678 CACTGTGG GTAGTGCT from 3166681 to tuberculosis     CGAG  ATG  GTGCTGCT TTTGTA GCTC 3167799 (+) H37Rv     GTTT  TGT  CACGACGA   AT    GG   CA        C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CGAGGGAT nic T NC_002945 Mycobacterium 3 --    GG   TA        C A 3678 CACTGTGG GTAGTGCT from 3123200 to bovis subs     CGAG  ATG  GTGCTGCT TTTGTA GCTC 3124318 (+) p bovis AF21     GTTT  TGT  CACGACGA 22/97   AT    GG   CA        C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CGCCAGAT yab O NC_004431 Escherichia 3 --  --   G T--   CG A 3678 CACTGTGG TGCTGCTG from 61489 to coli CFT073    CCA A   TGCTGCTG  GT TTTGTA 62148 (-)    GGT T   ACGACGAC AT    TT   G CAC GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CGCCGGTT pch A NC_002516 Pseudomonas 3 --  --   GT---   CG A 3678 CACTGTGG GCTGCTG from 4745120 to aeruginosa    CCG     TGCTGCTG   GT TTTGTA 4746550 (+) PA01    GGT     ACGACGAC AT    TT   GTCAC GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CGCCGGTT fep C NC_002516 Pseudomonas 3 --  --   GT---       T A 3678 CACTGTGG GCTGCTT from 4653508 to aeruginosa     CG  CCG     TGCTGCT TTTGTA 4654305 (-) PA01     GT  GGT     ACGACGA   AT  TT   GTCAC       C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CGCTGCTG liv H NC_002929 Bordetella 3 --  -- -------   CG  C A 3678 CACTGTGG CTG from 1144729 to pertussis         TGCTGCTG   GT  G TTTGTA 1145607 (+)         ACGACGAC AT  TT   GTGTCAC GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CGGAATTT yci E NC_004431 Escherichia 3 --   --  T---   CGGA A 3678 CACTGTGG GCTGCTG from 1558641 to coli CFT073    AT   TGCTGCTG   GTTT TTTGTA 1559147 (-)    TG   ACGACGAC AT      GG TCAC GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CGTCCACG flh B NC_002929 Bordetella 3 --  T-     CG GTGG A 3678 CACTGTGG CGGGTGGT from 1441767 to pertussis         C   CG  CCACG  G TTTGTA GCTGCTC 1442921 (+)      TGCTGCT   GT  GGTGT    C    ACGACGA AT  TT       CA ----       C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CGTCCATC pbp G NC_002947 Pseudomonas 3 --  T-    CT--       C A 3678 CACTGTGG TTGCTGCT from 4323707 to putida KT2440     CG  CCAT    TGCTGCT TTTGTA C 4324633 (+)     GT  GGTG    ACGACGA   AT  TT    TCAC       C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CGTCCTGC aco R NC_002516 Pseudomonas 3 --  T-  ------   CG  CC A 3678 CACTGTGG TGCTG from 4639501 to aeruginosa        TGCTGCTG   GT  GG TTTGTA 4641378 (-) PA01        ACGACGAC AT  TT    TGTCAC GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CGTGCCTG ace K NC_002947 Pseudomonas 3 --  T   ------       C A 3678 CACTGTGG CTGCTC from 5184742 to putida KT2440     CG GCC      TGCTGCT TTTGTA 5186457 (-)     GT TGG      ACGACGA   AT  T   TGTCAC       C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CTAAAGTG rec G NC_002677 Mycobacterium 3 -- T  -- G----   C AA A 3678 CACTGTGG CTGCTG from 2014723 to leprae    A     TGCTGCTG   G TT TTTGTA 2016954 (-)    T     ACGACGAC AT T    GG GTCAC GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CTAACACG ung NC_000907 Haemophilus 3 -- T   -   CGC    -   C A 3678 CACTGTGG CGCTGCTC from 18676 to influenzae R d   AAC ACG   TGCT CTG   G TTTGTA TG 19335 (+)   TTG TGT   ACGA GAC AT T     G   CAC    C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAGCAGCA cII G NC_003198 Salmonella 3 -- T    TGTA-- -   C A 3678 CACTGTGG CACTGTGG from 4537312 to enterica   AACC      T CTGCTG   G TTTGTA TTTGTA 4537533 (+) enterica   TTGG      A GACGAC AT T serovar Typhi      TGTCAC C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CAGCAGCA cII G NC_004631 Salmonella 3 -- T    TGTA-- -   C A 3678 CACTGTGG TATCTGCT from 4520121 to enterica   AACC      T CTGCTG   G TTTGTA G 4520342 (+) enterica   TTGG      A GACGAC AT T serovar Typhi      TGTCAC C Ty2 GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CTACCTGC uhp A NC_003143 Yersinia 3 -- T -  TGCC--   C A CC A 3678 CACTGTGG CTGCTGCT from 4522790 to pestis        TGCTGCTG   G T GG TTTGTA G 4523380 (-)        ACGACGAC AT T T    TGTCAC GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CTAGCCCT aco R NC_002516 Pseudomonas 3 -- T    C-----       C A 3678 CACTGTGG GCTGCTC from 4639501 to aeruginosa     C AGCC      TGCTGCT TTTGTA 4641378 (-) PA01     G TTGG      ACGACGA   AT T    TGTCAC       C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CTCCTGCT ssb NC_002947 Pseudomonas 3 -- T--  ------   C   CC A 3678 CACTGTGG GCTG from 571027 to putida KT2440        TGCTGCTG   G   GG TTTGTA 571572 (+)        ACGACGAC AT TTT    TGTCAC GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CTCGGGTT fha L NC_002929 Bordetella 3 -- T-- G GTT CT   C   C A 3678 CACTGTGG TCTTGCTG from 3085865 to pertussis   G   T  TGCTGCTG   G   G TTTGTA CTG 3098455 (+)   T   A  ACGACGAC AT TTT   G GTC C- GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CTGACCTT pta NC_002947 Pseudomonas 3 -- T    T-----       C A 3678 CACTGTGG GCTGCTC from 891625 to putida KT2440     C GACC      TGCTGCT TTTGTA 893712 (-)     G TTGG      ACGACGA   AT T    TGTCAC       C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CTGCCTGC orn NC_003143 Yersinia 3 -- T -  ------       C A 3678 CACTGTGG TGCTC from 378331 to pestis     C G CC      TGCTGCT TTTGTA 378876 (+)     G T GG      ACGACGA   AT T T  TGTCAC       C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CTGCGTGC glp D NC_004310 Brucella 3 -- T - G------       T A 3678 CACTGTGG TGCTT from 210763 to suis 1330     C G C       TGCTGCT TTTGTA 212274 (+)     G T G       ACGACGA   AT T T GTGTCAC       C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CTTACTTG sse B NC_004431 Escherichia 3 -- TT   ------       C A 3678 CACTGTGG CTGCTC from 2922456 to coli CFT073     C  ACT      TGCTGCT TTTGTA 2923241 (-)     G  TGG      ACGACGA   AT TT   TGTCAC       C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CTTCCTGC def NC_000922 Chlamydophila 3 -- TT-  ------       T A 3678 CACTGTGG TGCTT from 1221735 to pneumoniae     C   CC      TGCTGCT TTTGTA 1222295 (+) CWL029     G  GG       ACGACGA   AT TTT  TGTCAC       C GAM35 Human CAGCAGCA CTTCCTGC def NC_002491 Chlamydophila 3 -- TT-  ------       T A 3678 CACTGTGG TGCTT from 1218069 to pneumoniae     C   CC      TGCTGCT TTTGTA 1218629 (+) J138     G  GG       ACGACGA   AT TTT  TGTCAC       C

It is appreciated that the specific functions and accordingly the utilities of each of a plurality of GAM oligonucleotides that are described by FIG. 1 are correlated with and may be deduced from the identity of the GAM TARGET GENES inhibited thereby, and whose functions are set forth in Table 8, hereby incorporated herein. Table 8, lines 685695-687709 shows data relating to the function and utilities of GAM RNA as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 348.

TABLE 8 GAM GAM GAM RNA ORGA- TAR- TARGET GAM NAME SEQUENCE NISM GET ORGANISM GAM FUNCTION POS GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human ac Bordetella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG cC pertussis oligonucleotide, which targets biotin TTTGTA carboxylase (accC, NC_002929 from 926407 to 927777 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Bordetella pertussis genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. accC BINDING SITE 1 and accC BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the accC gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of accC BINDING SITE 1 and accC BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. A function of GAM353678 is to inhibit accC, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Bordetella pertussis infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism . Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Bordetella pertussis infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human ac Pseudomonas GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG eK putida oligonucleotide, which targets isocitrate TTTGTA KT2440 dehydrogenase kinase/phosphatase (aceK, NC_002947 from 5184742 to 5186457 (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Pseudomonas putida KT2440 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. aceK BINDING SITE 1 and aceK BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the aceK gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of aceK BINDING SITE 1 and aceK BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit aceK, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Pseudomonas putida KT2440 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human acoR Pseudomonas GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG aeruginosa oligonucleotide, which targets TTTGTA PA01 transcriptional regulator AcoR (acoR, NC_002516 from 4639501 to 4641378 (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. acoR BINDING SITE 1 and acoR BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the acoR gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of acoR BINDING SITE 1 and acoR BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit acoR, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human aer-2 Pseudomonas GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG putida oligonucleotide, which targets aerotaxis TTTGTA KT2440 receptor Aer-2 (aer-2, NC_002947 from 2406996 to 2408561 (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Pseudomonas putida KT2440 genome, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. aer-2 BINDING SITE 1 and aer-2 BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the aer-2 gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of aer-2 BINDING SITE 1 and aer- 2 BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit aer-2, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Pseudomonas putida KT2440 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human amtB Shigella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG flexneri oligonucleotide, which targets probable TTTGTA 2a str. 3 ammonium transporter (amtB, NC_004337 from 01 408059 to 409345 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Shigella flexneri 2a str. 301 genome, as part of an anti-bacteria 1 host defense mechanism. amtB BINDING SITE 1 and amtB BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the amtB gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of amtB BINDING SITE 1 and amtB BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit amtB, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Shigella flexneri 2a str. 301 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Shigella flexneri 2a str. 301 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human amtB Escherichia GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG coli C oligonucleotide, which targets Probable TTTGTA FT073 ammonium transporter (amtB, NC_004431 from 547616 to 548902 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Escherichia coli CFT073 genome, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. amtB BINDING SITE 1 and amtB BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the amtB gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of amtB BINDING SITE 1 and amtB BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit amtB, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Escherichia coli CFT073 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Escherichia coli CFT07 3 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human amtB Shigella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG flexneri oligonucleotide, which targets probable TTTGTA 2a str. 2 ammonium transporter (amtB, NC_004741 from 457T 407860 to 409146 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Shigella flexneri 2a str. 2457T genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. amtB BINDING SITE 1 and amtB BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the amtB gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of amtB BINDING SITE 1 and amtB BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit amtB, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Shigella flexneri 2a str. 2457T infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 inc lude the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Shigella flexneri 2a str. 2457T infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human aroA Neisseria GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG meningitidis oligonucleotide, which targets 5- TTTGTA Z49 enolpyruvoylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase 1 (aroA, NC_003116 from 1557502 to 1558803 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Neisseria meningitidis Z2491 genome, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. aroA BINDING SITE 1 and aroA BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the aroA gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of aroA BINDING SITE 1 and aroA BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit aroA, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Neisseria meningitidis Z2491 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Neisseria meningitidis Z2491 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human aroD Leptospira GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG interrogans oligonucleotide, which targets 3- TTTGTA serovar lai dehydroquinate dehydratase (aroD, str. NC_004342 from 48128 to 48832 (−)), 56601 a bacterial target gene encoded by the Leptospira interrogans serovar lai str. 56601 genome, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. aroD BINDING SITE 1 and aroD BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the aroD gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of aroD BINDING SITE 1 and aroD BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit aroD, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Leptospira interrogans serovar lai str. 56601 infection, as part of an anti-b acterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Leptospira interrogans serovar lai str. 56601 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human aroH Shigella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG flexneri oligonucleotide, which targets 3-deoxy-D- TTTGTA 2a str. 3 arabinoheptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase 01 (DAHP synthetase, tryptophan repressible) (aroH, NC_004337 from 1557527 to 1558573 (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Shigella flexneri 2a str. 301 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. aroH BINDING SITE 1 and aroH BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the aroH gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of aroH BINDING SITE 1 and aroH BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit aroH, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Shigella flexneri 2a str. 301 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Shigella flexneri 2a str. 301 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human avtA Shigella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG flexneri oligonucleotide, which targets alanine- TTTGTA 2a str. 3 alpha-ketoisovalerate (or valine-pyruvate) 01 transaminase, transaminase C (avtA, NC_004337 from 3721175 to 3722533 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Shigella flexneri 2a str. 301 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. avtA BINDING SITE is a bacterial target binding site that is a found in the the 3′ untranslated region of mRNA encoded by the avtA gene, corresponding to a target binding site such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of avtA BINDING SITE, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit avtA, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Shigella flexneri 2a str. 301 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Shigella flexneri 2a str. 301 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human avtA Shigella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG flexneri oligonucleotide, which targets alanine- TTTGTA 2a str. 2 alpha-ketoisovalerate/valine-pyruvate 457T transaminase C (avtA, NC_004741 from 4052685 to 4053938 (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Shigella flexneri 2a str. 2457T genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. avtA BINDING SITE is a bacterial target binding site that is a found in the the 3′ untranslated region of mRNA encoded by the avtA gene, corresponding to a target binding site such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of avtA BINDING SITE, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit avtA, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Shigella flexneri 2a str. 2457T infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Shigella flexneri 2a str. 2457T infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human cII Salmonella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG enterica oligonucleotide, which targets TTTGTA enterica transcriptional regulatory protein (cII, serovar NC_004631 from 4520121 to 4520342 Typhi Ty2 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi Ty2 genome, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. cII BINDING SITE 1 and cII BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of m RNA encoded by the cII gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of cII BINDING SITE 1 and cII BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit cII, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi Ty2 infection, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi Ty2 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human cII Salmonella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG enterica oligonucleotide, which targets TTTGTA enterica transcriptional regulatory protein (cII, serovar NC_003198 from 4537312 to 4537533 Typhi (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi genome, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. cII BINDING SITE 1 and cII BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of m RNA encoded by the cII gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of cII BINDING SITE 1 and cII BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit cII, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi infection, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM 353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human cysM Salmonella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG typhimurium oligonucleotide, which targets cysteine TTTGTA LT2 synthase B (cysM, NC_003197 from 2551651 to 2552562 (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Salmonella typhimurium LT2 genome, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. cysM BINDING SITE 1 and cysM BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the cysM gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of cysM BINDING SITE 1 and cysM BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit cysM, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Salmonella typhimurium LT2 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human cysQ Pseudomonas GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG putida oligonucleotide, which targets 3′(2′), 5′- TTTGTA KT2440 bisphosphate nucleotidase (cysQ, NC_002947 from 315184 to 315984 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Pseudomonas putida KT2440 genome, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. cysQ BINDING SITE 1 and cysQ BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the cysQ gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of cysQ BINDING SITE 1 and cysQ BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit cysQ, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Pseudomonas putida KT2440 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human dadX Escherichia GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG coli C oligonucleotide, which targets Alanine TTTGTA FT073 racemase, catabolic (dadX, NC_004431 from 1476306 to 1477376 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Escherichia coli CFT073 genome, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. dadX BINDING SITE 1 and dadX BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the dadX gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of dadX BINDING SITE 1 and dadX BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit dadX, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Escherichia coli CFT073 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Escherichia coli CFT073 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human def Chlamydophila GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG pneumoniae oligonucleotide, which targets TTTGTA CW Polypeptide Deformylase (def, NC_000922 L029 from 1221735 to 1222295 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Chlamydophila pneumoniae CWL029 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. def BINDING SITE 1 and def BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the def gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of def BINDING SITE 1 and def BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit def, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Chlamydophila pneumoniae CWL029 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Chlamydophila pneumoniae CWL029 infection and associated clinical conditions. GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human def Chlamydophila GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG pneumoniae oligonucleotide, which targets TTTGTA J1 polypeptide deformylase (def, NC_002491 38 from 1218069 to 1218629 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Chlamydophila pneumoniae J138 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. def BINDING SITE 1 and def BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of m RNA encoded by the def gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of def BINDING SITE 1 and def BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit def, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Chlamydophila pneumoniae J138 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Chlamydophila pneumoniae J138 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human dnaE Mycobacterium GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG leprae oligonucleotide, which targets DNA TTTGTA polymerase III, [alpha] subunit (dnaE, NC_002677 from 1423014 to 1426547 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Mycobacterium leprae genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. dnaE BINDING SITE 1 through dnaE BINDING SITE 3 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the dnaE gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of dnaE BINDING SITE 1 through dnaE BINDING SITE 3, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit dnaE, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Mycobacterium leprae infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Mycobacterium leprae infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human dsdA Salmonella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG typhimurium oligonucleotide, which targets D-serine TTTGTA LT2 deaminase (dsdA, NC_003197 from 4004453 to 4005775 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Salmonella typhimurium LT2 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. dsdA BINDING SITE 1 and dsdA BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the dsdA gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of dsdA BINDING SITE 1 and dsdA BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit dsdA, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Salmonella typhimurium LT2 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human fepC Pseudomonas GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG aeruginosa oligonucleotide, which targets ferric TTTGTA PA01 enterobactin transport protein FepC (fepC, NC_002516 f rom 4653508 to 4654305 (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. fepC BINDING SITE 1 and fepC BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the fepC gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of fepC BINDING SITE 1 and fepC BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit fepC, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human fhaL Bordetella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG pertussis oligonucleotide, which targets adhesin TTTGTA (fhaL, NC_002929 from 3085865 to 3098455 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Bordetella pertussis genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. fhaL BINDING SITE 1 and fhaL BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the fhaL gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of fhaL BINDING SITE 1 and fhaL BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit fhaL, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Bordetella pertussis infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Bordetella pertussis infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human flhB Bordetella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG pertussis oligonucleotide, which targets flagellar TTTGTA biosynthetic protein FlhB (flhB, NC_002929 from 1441767 to 1442921 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Bordetella pertussis genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. flhB BINDING SITE 1 through flhB BINDING SITE 3 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the flhB gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of flhB BINDING SITE 1 through flhB BINDING SITE 3, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit flhB, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Bordetella pertussis infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Bordetella pertussis infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human fmtB (Staphylococcus) GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG mr p aureus oligonucleotide, which targets FmtB TTTGTA subsp. protein (fmtB(mrp), NC_002745 from aureus 2218145 to 2225590 (−)), a bacterial N315 target gene encoded by the Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus N315 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. fmtB(mrp) BINDING SITE 1 and fmtB(mrp) BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the fmtB(mrp) gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of fm tB(mrp) BINDING SITE 1 and fmtB(mrp) BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit fmtB(mrp), a GAM35 3678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus N315 infection, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus N315 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human fmtB (Staphylococcus GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG mr p) aureus oligonucleotide, which targets FmtB TTTGTA subsp. protein (fmtB(mrp), NC_002758 from 2287935 aureus to 2295380 (−)), a bacterial target gene Mu50 encoded by the Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Mu50 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. fmtB(mrp) BINDING SITE 1 and fmtB(mrp) BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the fmtB(mrp) gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of fmtB (mrp) BINDING SITE 1 and fmtB(mrp) BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit fmtB(mrp), a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Mu50 infection, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Mu50 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human ftsY Chlamydophila GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG pneumoniae oligonucleotide, which targets cell TTTGTA J1 division protein ftsY (ftsY, NC_002491 38 from 1113127 to 1113999 (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Chlamydophila pneumoniae J138 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. ftsY BINDING SITE 1 and ftsY BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the ftsY gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of ftsY BINDING SITE 1 and ftsY BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit ftsY, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Chlamydophila pneumoniae J138 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Chlamydophila pneumoniae J138 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human ftsY Chlamydophila GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG pneumoniae oligonucleotide, which targets Cell TTTGTA CW Division Protein FtsY (ftsY, NC_000922 L029 from 1115427 to 1116299 (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Chlamydophila pneumoniae CWL029 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. ftsY BINDING SITE 1 and ftsY BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the ftsY gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of ftsY BINDING SITE 1 and ftsY BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit ftsY, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Chlamydophila pneumoniae CWL029 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Chlamydophila pneumoniae CWL029 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human gad Pseudomonas GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG putida oligonucleotide, which targets guanine TTTGTA KT2440 aminohydrolase (gad, NC_002947 from 4871625 to 4872929 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Pseudomonas putida KT2440 genome, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. gad BINDING SITE 1 and gad BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of m RNA encoded by the gad gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of gad BINDING SITE 1 and gad BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit gad, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Pseudomonas putida KT2440 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Pseudomonas putida KT 2440 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human glcC Escherichis GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG coli oligonucleotide, which targets Glc operon TTTGTA CFT073 transcriptional activator (glcC, NC_004431 from 3542871 to 3543695 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Escherichia coli CFT073 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. glcC BINDING SITE 1 and glcC BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the glcC gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of glcC BINDING SITE 1 and glcC BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit glcC, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Escherichia coli CFT073 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Escherichia coli CFT073 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human glgP Salmonella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG enterica oligonucleotide, which targets glycogen TTTGTA enterica phosphorylase (glgP, NC_004631 from serovar 4129215 to 4131662 (+)), a bacterial Typhi Ty target gene encoded by the Salmonella 2 enterica enterica serovar Typhi Ty2 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. glgP BINDING SITE 1 and glgP BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the glgP gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of glgP BINDING SITE 1 and glgP BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit glgP, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi Ty2 infection, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi Ty2 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human glgP Salmonella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG enterica oligonucleotide, which targets glycogen TTTGTA enterica phosphorylase (glgP, NC_003198 from serovar 4144568 to 414 7015 (+)), a bacterial Typhi target gene encoded by the Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. glgP BINDING SITE 1 and glgP BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the glgP gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of glgP BINDING SITE 1 and glgP BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit glgP, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi infection, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human glpC Yersinia GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG pestis oligonucleotide, which targets sn- TTTGTA KIM glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (anaerobic), K-small subunit (glpC, NC_004088 from 454677 to 456047 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Yersinia pestis KIM genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. glpC BINDING SITE 1 and glpC BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the glpC gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of glpC BINDING SITE 1 and glpC BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit glpC, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Yersinia pestis KIM infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Yersinia pestis KIM infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human glpC Yersinia GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG pestis oligonucleotide, which targets anaerobic TTTGTA glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase subunit C (glpC, NC_003143 from 4289650 to 4290897 (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Yersinia pestis genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. glpC BINDING SITE 1 and glpC BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the glpC gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of glpC BINDING SITE 1 and glpC BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit glpC, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Yersinia pestis infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Yersinia pestis infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human glpD Brucella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG suis 1330 oligonucleotide, which targets glycerol- TTTGTA 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (glpD, NC_004310 from 210763 to 212274 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Brucella suis 1330 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. glpD BINDING SITE 1 and glpD BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the glpD gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of glpD BINDING SITE 1 and glpD BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit glpD, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Brucella suis 1330 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Brucella suis 1330 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human ipaH_5 Shigella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG flexneri oligonucleotide, which targets invasion TTTGTA 2a str. 2 plasmid antigen (ipaH_5, NC_004741 from 457T 2023205 to 2024848 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Shigella flexneri 2a str. 2457T genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. ipaH_5 BINDING SITE 1 and ipaH_5 BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the ipaH_5 gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of ipaH_5 BINDING SITE 1 and ipaH_5 BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit ipaH_5, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Shigella flexneri 2a str. 2457T infection, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Shigella flexneri 2a str. 2457T infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human ipaH9.8 Shigella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG flexneri oligonucleotide, which targets invasion TTTGTA 2a str. 3 plasmid antigen (ipaH9.8, NC_004337 from 01 1422064 to 1423779 (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Shigella flexneri 2a str. 301 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. ipaH9.8 BINDING SITE 1 and ipaH9.8 BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the ipaH9.8 gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of ipaH9.8 BINDING SITE 1 and ipaH9.8 BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit ipaH9.8, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Shigella flexneri 2a str. 301 infection, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Shigella flexneri 2a str. 301 infection and associated clinical conditions. GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human lives Bordetella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG pertussis oligonucleotide, which targets high- TTTGTA affinity branched-chain amino acid transport system permease protein (livH, NC_002929 from 1144729 to 1145607 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Bordetella pertussis genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. lives BINDING SITE is a bacterial target binding site that is a found in the the 3′ untranslated region of mRNA encoded by the livH gene, corresponding to a target binding site such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of livH BINDING SITE, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit lives, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Bordetella pertussis infection, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Bordetella pertussis infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human lppI Mycobacterium GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG tuberculosis oligonucleotide, which targets lppI TTTGTA (lppI, NC_000962 from 2291267 to 2291923 H37Rv (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. lppI BINDING SITE 1 and lppI BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the lppI gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of lppI BINDING SITE 1 and lppI BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit lppI, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human lppI Mycobacterium GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG bovis oligonucleotide, which targets Probable TTTGTA subsp lipoprotein lppI (lppI, NC_002945 from bovis AF21 2275182 to 2275838 (+)), a bacterial 22/97 target gene encoded by the Mycobacterium bovis subsp bovis AF2122/97 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. lppI BINDING SITE 1 and lppI BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the lppI gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of lppI BINDING SITE 1 and lppI BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit lppI, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Mycobacterium bovis subsp bovis AF2122/97 infection, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM 353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Mycobacterium bovis subsp bovis AF2122/97 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human MGAT5 Human GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG oligonucleotide, which targets a human TTTGTA mannosyl (alpha-1,6-)-glycoprotein beta- 1,6-N-acetyl-glucosaminyltransferase (MGAT5, Accession number: NM_002410) as part of a host response mechanism associated with a Salmonella typhimurium LT2 infection. MGAT5 BINDING SITE is a human target binding site that is a found in the the 3′ untranslated region of mRNA encoded by the MGAT5 gene, corresponding to a target binding site such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. Additionally, using the binding site prediction system of the present invention GAM353678-A binds to sequences on orthologous UTR of rat(NM_023095). The nucleotide sequences of MGAT5 BINDING SITE, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit MGAT5, a GAM353678 human target gene which encodes an enzyme that catalyzes beta 1-6 branching on N- linked carbohydrates. MGAT5 is associated with Salmonella typhimurium LT2 infection, and therefore GAM353678 is associated with the abovementioned infection, as part of a host response mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 infection and associated clinical conditions. The function of MGAT5 and its association with various diseases and clinical conditions has been established by previous studies, as described hereinabove with reference to GAM3451. GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human miaA Chlamydia GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG trachomatis oligonucleotide, which targets tRNA TTTGTA isopentenylpyrophosphate transferase (miaA, NC_000117 from 899276 to 900295 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Chlamydia trachomatis genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. miaA BINDING SITE 1 and miaA BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the miaA gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of miaA BINDING SITE 1 and miaA BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit miaA, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Chlamydia trachomatis infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human minE Pseudomonas GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG putida oligonucleotide, which targets cell TTTGTA KT2440 division topological specificity factor MinE (minE, NC_002947 from 1932680 to 1932934 (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Pseudomonas putida KT2440 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. minE BINDING SITE is a bacterial target binding site that is a found in the the 3′ untranslated region of mRNA encoded by the minE gene, corresponding to a target binding site such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of minE BINDING SITE, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit minE, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Pseudomonas putida KT2440 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human nicT Mycobacterium GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG tuberculosis oligonucleotide, which targets nicT TTTGTA (nicT, NC_000962 from 3166681 to 3167799 H37Rv (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. nicT BINDING SITE 1 and nicT BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the nicT gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of nicT BINDING SITE 1 and nicT BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit nicT, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human nicT Mycobacterium GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG bovis oligonucleotide, which targets POSSIBLE TTTGTA subsp NICKEL-TRANSPORT INTEGRAL MEMBRANE bovis AF21 PROTEIN NICT (nic T, NC_002945 from 3123200 22/97 to 3124318 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Mycobacterium bovis subsp bovis AF2122/97 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. nicT BINDING SITE 1 and nicT BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the nicT gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of nicT BINDING SITE 1 and nicT BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit nicT, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Mycobacterium bovis subsp bovis AF2122/97 infection, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Mycobacterium bovis subsp bovis AF2122/97 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human nupC Shigella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG flexneri oligonucleotide, which targets permease TTTGTA 2a str. 3 of transport system for 3 nucleosides 01 (nupC, NC_004337 from 2515842 to 2517083 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Shigella flexneri 2a str. 301 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. nupC BINDING SITE 1 through nupC BINDING SITE 3 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the nupC gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of nupC BINDING SITE 1 through nupC BINDING SITE 3, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6- 7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit nupC, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Shigella flexneri 2a str. 301 infection, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Shigella flexneri 2a str. 301 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human nupC Escherichia GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG coli oligonucleotide, which targets Nucleoside TTTGTA CFT073 permease nupC (nupC, NC_004431 from 2795390 to 2796631 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Escherichia coli CFT073 genome, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. nupC BINDING SITE 1 through nupC BINDING SITE 3 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the nupC gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of nupC BINDING SITE 1 through nupC BINDING SITE 3, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit nupC, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Escherichia coli CFT073 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Escherichia coli CFT073 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human nupC Shigella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG flexneri oligonucleotide, which targets permease TTTGTA 2a str. 2 of transport system for 3 nucleosides 457T (nupC, NC_004741 from 2494019 to 2495221 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Shigella flexneri 2a str. 2457T genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. nupC BINDING SITE 1 through nupC BINDING SITE 3 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the nupC gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of nupC BINDING SITE 1 through nupC BINDING SITE 3, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit nupC, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Shigella flexneri 2a str. 2457T infection, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Shigella flexneri 2a str. 2457T infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human ompG Escherichia GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG coli oligonucleotide, which targets Outer TTTGTA CFT073 membrane protein G precursor (ompG, NC_004431 from 1624577 to 1625533 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Escherichia coli CFT073 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. ompG BINDING SITE 1 and ompG BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the ompG gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of ompG BINDING SITE 1 and ompG BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit ompG, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Escherichia coli CFT073 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Escherichia coli CFT073 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human orn Yersinia GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG pestis oligonucleotide, which targets TTTGTA oligoribonuclease (orn, NC_003143 from 378331 to 378876 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Yersinia pestis genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. orn BINDING SITE is a bacterial target binding site that is a found in the the 3′ untranslated region of mRNA encoded by the orn gene, corresponding to a target binding site such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of orn BINDING SITE, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibitorn, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Yersinia pestis infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism . Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Yersinia pestis infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human oxyR Salmonella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG enterica oligonucleotide, which targets hydrogen TTTGTA enterica peroxide-inducible regulon activator serovar (oxyR, NC_003198 from 3607204 to 3608121 Typhi (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi genome , as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. oxyR BINDING SITE 1 and oxyR BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the oxyR gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of oxyR BINDING SITE 1 and oxyR BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit oxyR, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi infection, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human oxyR Salmonella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG typhimurium oligonucleotide, which targets oxidative TTTGTA LT2 stress regulatory protein (oxyR, NC_003197 from 4343080 to 4343997 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Salmonella typhimurium LT2 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. oxyR BINDING SITE 1 and oxyR BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial targ et binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the oxyR gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG.1. The nucleotide sequences of oxyR BINDING SITE 1 and oxyR BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit oxyR, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Salmonella typhimurium LT2 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human oxyR Salmonella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG enterica oligonucleotide, which targets hydrogen TTTGTA enterica peroxide-inducible regulon activator serovar (oxyR, NC_004631 from 3592864 to 3593781 Typhi Ty (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded 2 by the Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi Ty2 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. oxyR BINDING SITE 1 and oxyR BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the oxyR gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of oxyR BINDING SITE 1 and oxyR BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit oxyR, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi Ty2 infection, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi Ty2 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human pbpG Pseudomonas GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG putida oligonucleotide, which targets D-alanyl- TTTGTA KT2440 D-alanine-endopeptidase (pbpG, NC_002947 from 4323707 to 4324633 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Pseudomonas putida KT2440 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. pbpG BINDING SITE 1 and pbpG BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the pbpG gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of pbpG BINDING SITE 1 and pbpG BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit pbpG, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Pseudomonas putida KT2440 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human pchA Pseudomonas GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG aeruginosa oligonucleotide, which targets salicylate TTTGTA PA01 biosynthesis isochorismate synthase (pchA, NC_002516 from 4745120 to 4746550 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. pchA BINDING SITE 1 and pchA BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the pchA gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of pchA BINDING SITE 1 and pchA BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit pchA, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human pcnA Mycobacterium GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG leprae oligonucleotide, which targets pcnA TTTGTA (pcnA, NC_002677 from 3248268 to 3249728 (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Mycobacterium leprae genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. pcnA BINDING SITE 1 and pcnA BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the pcnA gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of pcnA BINDING SITE 1 and pcnA BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit pcnA, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Mycobacterium leprae infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Mycobacterium leprae infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human phnV Salmonella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG enterica oligonucleotide, which targets probable TTTGTA enterica membrane component of 2- serovar aminoethylphosphonate transp orter (phnV, Typhi NC_003198 from 471575 to 472366 (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. phnV BINDING SITE 1 and phnV BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the phnV gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of phnV BINDING SITE 1 and phnV BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit phnV, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi infection, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human phnV Salmonella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG enterica oligonucleotide, which targets probable TTGTA enterica membrane component of 2- serovar aminoethylphosphonate transporter (phnV, Typhi Ty NC_004631 from 2508735 to 2509526 (+)), 2 a bacterial target gene encoded by the Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi Ty2 genome, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. phnV BINDING SITE 1 and phnV BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the phnV gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of phnV BINDING SITE 1 and phnV BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit phnV, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi Ty2 infection, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi Ty2 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human phoY2 Mycobacterium GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG bovis oligonucleotide, which targets PROBABLE TTTGTA subsp PHOSPHATE-TRANSPORT SYSTEM bovis AF21 TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORY 22/97 PROTEIN PHOY2 (phoY2, NC_002945 from 914388 to 915029 (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Mycobacterium bovis subsp bovis AF2122/97 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. phoY2 BINDING SITE 1 and phoY2 BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the phoY2 gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of phoY2 BINDING SITE 1 and phoY2 BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit phoY2, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Mycobacterium bovis subsp bovis AF2122/97 infection, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Mycobacterium bovis subsp bovis AF2122/97 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human phoY2 Mycobacterium GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG tubrculosis oligonucleotide, which targets phoY2 TTTGTA (phoY2, NC_000962 from 913556 to 914197 H37Rv (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. phoY2 BINDING SITE 1 and phoY2 BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the phoY2 gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of phoY2 BINDING SITE 1 and phoY2 BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit phoY2, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human pilT Pseudomonas GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG putida oligonucleotide, which targets type IV TTTGTA KT2440 pili twitching motility protein PilT (pilT, NC_002947 from 5816934 to 5817944 (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Pseudomonas putida KT2440 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. pilT BINDING SITE 1 through pilT BINDING SITE 3 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the pilT gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of pilT BINDING SITE 1 through pilT BINDING SITE 3, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit pilT, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Pseudomonas putida KT2440 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human polA Mycobacterium GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG leprae oligonucleotide, which targets DNA TTTGTA polymerase I (polA, NC_002677 from 1648220 to 1650955 (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Mycobacterium leprae genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. polA BINDING SITE 1 and polA BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the polA gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of polA BINDING SITE 1 and polA BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit polA, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Mycobacterium leprae infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Mycobacterium leprae infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human prcA Mycobacterium GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG leprae oligonucleotide, which targets proteasome TTTGTA [alpha]-type subunit 1 (prcA, NC_002677 from 1576553 to 1577350 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Mycobacterium leprae genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. prcA BINDING SITE 1 and prcA BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the prcA gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of prcA BINDING SITE 1 and prcA BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit prcA, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Mycobacterium leprae infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Mycobacterium leprae infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human pta Pseudomonas GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG putida oligonucleotide, which targets phosphate TTTGTA KT2440 acetyltransferase (pta, NC_002947 from 891625 to 893712 (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Pseudomonas putida KT2440 genome, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. pta BINDING SITE 1 and pta BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the pta gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of pta BINDING SITE 1 and pta BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth i n Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit pta, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Pseudomonas putida KT2440 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human ptsH Salmonella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG enterica oligonucleotide, which targets TTTGTA enterica phosphocarrier protein HPr (ptsH, serovar NC_003198 from 2505403 to 2505660 Typhi (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. ptsH BINDING SITE is a bacterial target binding site that is a found in the the 3′ untranslated region of mRNA encoded by the ptsH gene, corresponding to a target binding site such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of ptsH BINDING SITE, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit ptsH, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi infection, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human rbsR Shigella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG flexneri oligonucleotide, which targets regulator TTTGTA 2a str. 3 for rbs operon (rbsR, NC_004337 from 01 3947708 to 3 948700 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Shigella flexneri 2a str. 301 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. rbsR BINDING SITE 1 through rbsR BINDING SITE 3 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the rbsR gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of rbsR BINDING SITE 1 through rbsR BINDING SITE 3, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit rbsR, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Shigella flexneri 2a str. 301 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Shigella flexneri 2a str. 301 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human rbsR Shigella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG flexneri oligonucleotide, which targets regulator TTTGTA 2a str. 2 for rbs operon (rbsR, NC_004741 from 457T 3824594 to 3825577 (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Shigella flexneri 2a str. 2457T genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. rbsR BINDING SITE 1 through rbsR BINDING SITE 3 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the rbsR gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of rbsR BINDING SITE 1 through rbsR BINDING SITE 3, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit rbsR, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Shigella flexneri 2a str. 2457T infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Shigella flexneri 2a str. 2457T infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human rbsR Escherichia GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG coli oligonucleotide, which targets Ribose TTTGTA CFT073 operon repressor (rbsR, NC_004431 from 4439260 to 4440252 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Escherichia coli CFT073 genome, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. rbsR BINDING SITE 1 through rbsR BINDING SITE 3 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the rbsR gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG.l. The nucleotide sequences of rbsR BINDING SITE 1 through rbsR BINDING SITE 3, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit rbsR, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Escherichia coli CFT073 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Escherichia coli CFT073 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human recG Mycobacterium GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG leprae oligonucleotide, which targets ATP- TTTGTA dependent DNA helicase (recG, NC_002677 from 2014723 to 2016954 (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Mycobacterium leprae genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. recG BINDING SITE 1 and recG BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the recG gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of recG BINDING SITE 1 and recG BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit recG, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Mycobacterium leprae infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Mycobacterium leprae infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human relA Mycobacterium GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG bovis oligonucleotide, which targets PROBABLE TTTGTA subsp GTP PYROPHOSPHOKINASE RELA (ATP:GTP 3′- bovis AF21 PYROPHOSPHOTR ANSFERASE) (PPGPP 22/97 SYNTHETASE I) ((P)PPGPP SYNTHETASE) (GTP DIPHOSPHOKINASE) (relA, NC_002945 from 2875274 to 2877646 (−) ), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Mycobacterium bovis subsp bovis AF2122/97 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. relA BINDING SITE 1 and relA BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the relA gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of relA BINDING SITE 1 and relA BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit relA, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Mycobacterium bovis subsp bovis AF2122/97 infection, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Mycobacterium bovis subsp bovis AF2122/97 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human relA Mycobacterium GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG tuberculosis oligonucleotide, which targets relA TTTGTA (relA, NC_000962 from 2907824 to 2910196 H37Rv (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. relA BINDING SITE 1 and relA BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the relA gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of relA BINDING SITE 1 and relA BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit relA, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 in clude the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human risA Bordetella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG pertussis oligonucleotide, which targets tresponse TTTGTA regulator protein (risA, NC_002929 from 3765257 to 3765991 (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Bordetella pertussis genome, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. risA BINDING SITE 1 and risA BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the risA gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of risA BINDING SITE 1 and risA BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit risA, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Bordetella pertussis infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Bordetella pertussis infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human rpsT Pseudomonas GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG putida oligonucleotide, which targets ribosomal TTTGTA KT2440 protein S20 (rpsT, NC_002947 from 707068 to 707346 (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Pseudomonas putida KT2440 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. rpsT BINDING SITE 1 and rpsT BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the rpsT gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of rpsT BINDING SITE 1 and rpsT BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit rpsT, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Pseudomonas putida KT2440 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human ruvB Yersinia GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG pestis oligonucleotide, which targets Holliday TTTGTA Junction DNA helicase (ruvB, NC_003143 from 2336449 to 2337453 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Yersinia pestis genome, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. ruvB BINDING SITE 1 and ruvB BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the ruvB gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of ruvB BINDING SITE 1 and ruvB BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit ruvB, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Yersinia pestis infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Yersinia pestis infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human ruvB Yersinia GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG pestis KIM oligonucleotide, which targets Holliday TTTGTA junction helicase subunit A (ruvB, NC_004088 from 2482031 to 2483035 (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Yersinia pestis KIM genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. ruvB BINDING SITE 1 and ruvB BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the ruvB gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of ruvB BINDING SITE 1 and ruvB BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit ruvB, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Yersinia pestis KIM infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Yersinia pestis KIM infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human selB Pseudomonas GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG putida oligonucleotide, which targets TTTGTA KT2440 selenocysteine-specific translation elongation factor (selB, NC_002947 from 582133 to 584055 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Pseudomonas putida KT2440 genome, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. selB BINDING SITE is a bacterial target binding site that is a found in the the 3′ untranslated region of mRNA encoded by the selB gene, corresponding to a target binding site such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of selB BINDING SITE, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit selB, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Pseudomonas putida KT2440 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human SERPI Human GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG NH 1 oligonucleotide, which targets a human TTTGTA Serine proteinase inhibitor clade H (heat shock protein 47) member 1; (SERPINH1, Accession number: NM_001235) as part of a host response mechanism associated with a Escherichia coli CFT073, Streptococcus pneumoniae R6, Streptococcus pneumoniae TIGR4, Streptococcus pyogenes M1 GAS, Streptococcus pyogenes MGAS315, Streptococcus pyogenes MGAS8232 and Streptococcus pyogenes SSI-1 infections. SERPINH1 BINDING SITE 1 and SERPINH1 BINDING SITE 2 are human target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the SERPINH1 gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. Additionally, using the binding site prediction system of the present invention GAM353678-A binds to sequences on orthologous UTR of rat(NM_017173). The nucleotide sequences of SERPINH1 BINDING SITE 1 and SERPINH1 BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit SERPINH1, a GAM353678 human target gene which encodes a heat shock protein and serpin, that may function as a chaperone for procollagen in the ER. SERPINH1 is associated with Escherichia coli CFT073, Streptococcus pneumoniae R6, Streptococcus pneumoniae TIGR4, Streptococcus pyogenes M1 GAS, Streptococcus pyogenes MGAS315, Streptococcus pyogenes MGAS8232 and Streptococcus pyogenes SSI-1 infections, and therefore GAM353678 is associated with the above mentioned infections, as part of a host response mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Escherichia coli CFT073, Streptocoecus pneumoniae R6, Streptococcus pneumoniae TIGR4, Streptococcus pyogenes M1 GAS, Streptococcus pyogenes MGAS315, Streptocoecus pyogenes MGAS8232 and Streptococcus pyogenes SSI-1 infections and associated clinical conditions. The function of SERPINH1 and its association with various diseases and clinical conditions has been established by previous studies, as described hereinabove with reference to GAM839. GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human sitD Shigella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG flexneri oligonucleotide, which targets Iron TTTGTA 2a str. 3 transport protein, inner membrane 01 component (sitD, NC_004337 from 1405360 to 1406217 (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Shigella flexneri 2a str. 301 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. sitD BINDING SITE 1 and sitD BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the sitD gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of sitD BINDING SITE 1 and sitD BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit sitD, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Shigella flexneri 2a str. 301 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Shigella flexneri 2a str. 301 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human sitD Shigella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG flexneri oligonucleotide, which targets Iron TTTGTA 2a str. 2 transport protein, inner membrane 457T component (sitD, NC_004741 from 1904666 to 1905523 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Shigella flexneri 2a str. 2457T genome, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. sitD BINDING SITE 1 and sitD BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the sitD gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of sitD BINDING SITE 1 and sitD BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit sitD, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Shigella flexneri 2a str. 2457T infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Shigella flexneri 2a str. 2457T infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human speD Salmonella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG enterica oligonucleotide, which targets S- TTTGTA enterica adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme serovar (speD, NC_004631 from 196380 to 197174 Typhi Ty (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by 2 the Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi Ty2 genome, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. speD BINDING SITE 1 and speD BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the speD gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of speD BINDING SITE 1 and speD BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit speD, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated withi Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi Ty2 infection, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi Ty2 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human speD Salmonella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG enterica oligonucleotide, which targets S- TTTGTA enterica adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme serovar (speD, NC_003198 from 196389 to 197183 Typhi (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi genome, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. speD BINDING SITE 1 and speD BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the speD gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of speD BINDING SITE 1 and speD BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit speD, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi infection, as part of an anti- bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human speD Salmonella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG typhimurium oligonucleotide, which targets S- TTTGTA LT2 adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (speD, NC_003197 from 194201 to 194995 (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Salmonella typhimurium LT2 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. speD BINDING SITE 1 and speD BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the speD gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of speD BINDING SITE 1 and speD BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit speD, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Salmonella typhimurium LT2 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human ssb Pseudomonas GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG putida oligonucleotide, which targets single- TTTGTA KT2440 stranded DNA-binding protein (ssb, NC_002947 from 571027 to 571572 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Pseudomonas putida KT2440 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. ssb BINDING SITE 1 and ssb BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of m RNA encoded by the ssb gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of ssb BINDING SITE 1 and ssb BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit ssb, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Pseudomonas putida KT2440 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human sseB Escherichia GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG coli oligonucleotide, which targets Protein TTTGTA CFT073 sseB (sseB, NC_004431 from 2922456 to 2923241 (−) ), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Escherichia coli CFT073 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. sseB BINDING SITE 1 and sseB BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the sseB gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of sseB BINDING SITE 1 and sseB BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit sseB, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Escherichia coli CFT073 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Escherichia coli CFT073 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human tcfA Bordetella GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG pertussis oligonucleotide, which targets tracheal TTTGTA colonization factor precursor (tcfA, NC_002929 from 1264436 to 1266379 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Bordetella pertussis genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. tcfA BINDING SITE 1 and tcfA BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the tcfA gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of tcfA BINDING SITE 1 and tcfA BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit tcfA, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Bordetella pertussis infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Bordetella pertussis infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human truA Mycobacterium GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG leprae oligonucleotide, which targets probable TTTGTA pseudouridylate synthase (truA, NC_002677 from 2343329 to 2344078 (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Mycobacterium leprae genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. truA BINDING SITE 1 and truA BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the truA gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of truA BINDING SITE 1 and truA BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit truA, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Mycobacterium leprae infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Mycobacterium leprae infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human trunc Staphylococcus GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG ated aureus oligonucleotide, which targets truncated TTTGTA fmtB subsp. FmtB protein (truncated fmtB, NC_003923 aureus from 2238083 to 2240143 (−)), a MW2 bacterial target gene encoded by the Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MW2 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. truncated fmtB BINDING SITE 1 and truncated fmtB BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the truncated fmtB gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of truncated fmtB BINDING SITE 1 and truncated fmtB BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Table s 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit truncated fmtB, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MW2 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MW2 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human uhpA Yersinia GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG pestis oligonucleotide, which targets two- TTTGTA component system response regulator (uhpA, NC_003143 from 4522790 to 4523380 (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Yersinia pestis genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. uhpA BINDING SITE 1 and uhpA BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the uhpA gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of uhpA BINDING SITE 1 and uhpA BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit uhpA, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Yersinia pestis infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Yersinia pestis infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human ung Haemophilus GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG influenzae oligonucleotide, which targets uracil DNA TTTGTA Rd glycosylase (ung, NC_000907 from 18676 to 19335 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Haemophilus influenzae Rd genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. ung BINDING SITE 1 and ung BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the ung gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of ung BINDING SITE 1 and ung BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit ung, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Haemophilus influenzae Rd infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Haemophilus influenzae Rd infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human vanB Pseudomonas GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG aeruginosa oligonucleotide, which targets vanillate TTTGTA PA01 O-demethylase oxidoreductase (vanB, NC_002516 from 5504120 to 5505073 (+)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. vanB BINDING SITE 1 and vanB BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the vanB gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of vanB BINDING SITE 1 and vanB BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit vanB, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human yabO Escherichia GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG coli oligonucleotide, which targets Ribosomal TTTGTA CFT073 large subunit pseudouridine synthase A (yabO, NC_004431 from 61489 to 62148 (−)), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Escherichia coli CFT073 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. yabO BINDING SITE 1 and yabO BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the yabO gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of yabO BINDING SITE 1 and yabO BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit yabO, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Escherichia coli CFT073 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Escherichia coli CFT073 infection and associated clinical conditions GAM35 CAGCAGCA Human yciE Escherichia GAM353678 is a human miRNA-like A 3678 CACTGTGG coli oligonucleotide, which targets Protein TTTGTA CFT073 yciE (yciE, NC_004431 from 1558641 to 1559147 (−) ), a bacterial target gene encoded by the Escherichia coli CFT073 genome, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. yciE BINDING SITE 1 and yciE BINDING SITE 2 are bacterial target binding sites that are found in the untranslated regions of mRNA encoded by the yciE gene, corresponding to target binding sites such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II or BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The nucleotide sequences of yciE BINDING SITE 1 and yciE BINDING SITE 2, and the complementary secondary structure to the nucleotide sequence of GAM353678 RNA are set forth in Tables 6-7, hereby incorporated herein. Another function of GAM353678 is to inhibit yciE, a GAM353678 bacterial target gene which is associated with Escherichia coli CFT073 infection, as part of an anti-bacterial host defense mechanism. Accordingly, the utilities of GAM353678 include the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Escherichia coli CFT073 infectionand associated clinical conditions

Studies documenting the well known correlations between each of a plurality of GAM TARGET GENEs that are described by FIG. 1 and the known gene functions and related diseases are listed in Table 9, hereby incorporated herein. Specifically, in Table 9, lines 6046-6059 describes references of GAM target genes, as set forth in SEQ ID NO:348 in Table 8.

TABLE 9 TARGET TARGET ORGANISM REFERENCES MGAT5 Human Demetriou, M.; Granovsky, M.; Quaggin, S.; Dennis, J. W.: Negative regulation of T-cell activation and autoimmunity by Mgat5 N-glycosylation. Nature 409: 733-739, 2001. MGAT5 Human Granovsky, M.; Fata, J.; Pawling, J.; Muller, W. J.; Khokha, R.; Dennis, J. W.: Suppression of tumor growth and metastasis in Mgat5-deficient mice. Nature Med.6: 306- 12, 2000. MGAT5 Human Saito, H.; Nishikawa, A.; Gu, J.; Ihara, Y.; Soejima, H.; Wada, Y.; Sekiya, C.; Niikawa, N.; Taniguchi, N.: cDNA cloning and chromosomal mapping of human N-acetyl glucosaminyltransferase V+. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 198: 318-327, 1994.

Table 11, lines 275482-275565, shows data of GAM RNA SEQ ID NO:348 printed on microarray chip probes, as described in detail in FIG. 17.

TABLE 11 BACK- MIS- GROUND MATCH PROBE PROBE GAM RNA SEQ ID/GAM   Z- Z- SEQUENCE TYPE MIR NAME RNA/MIR SEQUENCE   LIBRARY SIGNAL SCORE SCORE CCCAGCAGCAC Predicted 348 CAGCAGCACACTGTGGTTTGTA A2 638 4.2 3.2 ACTGTGGTTTG TACGCGATCCG TTATCGTTCGG TATCGAACGTA ACGAT CCCAGCAGCAC Predicted 348 CAGCAGCACACTGTGGTTTGTA D2 9435 16.6 20.9 ACTGTGGTTTG TACGCGATCCG TTATCGTTCGG TATCGAACGTA ACGAT CCCAGCAGCAC Predicted 348 CAGCAGCACACTGTGGTTTGTA E1 25910 14.8 27.5 ACTGTGGTTTG TACGCGATCCG TTATCGTTCGG TATCGAACGTA ACGAT CCCAGCAGCAC Predicted 348 CAGCAGCACACTGTGGTTTGTA F1 65518 12.0 30.2 ACTGTGGTTTG TACGCGATCCG TTATCGTTCGG TATCGAACGTA ACGAT CCCAGCAGCAC Predicted 348 CAGCAGCACACTGTGGTTTGTA G1 65518 10.1 29.3 ACTGTGGTTTG TACGCGATCCG TTATCGTTCGG TATCGAACGTA ACGAT CCCAGCAGCAC Predicted 348 CAGCAGCACACTGTGGTTTGTA H1 37067 9.9 28.2 ACTGTGGTTTG TACGCGATCCG TTATCGTTCGG TATCGAACGTA ACGAT CCCAGCAGCAC Predicted 348 CAGCAGCACACTGTGGTTTGTA A2 606 3.7 3.2 ACTGTGGTTTG TACGGATCGTT ATAACGATCCG GTATCGAACGT AACGA CCCAGCAGCAC Predicted 348 CAGCAGCACACTGTGGTTTGTA D2 7549 15.4 19.5 ACTGTGGTTTG TACGGATCGTT ATAACGATCCG GTATCGAACGT AACGA CCCAGCAGCAC Predicted 348 CAGCAGCACACTGTGGTTTGTA E1 20239 13.8 25.3 ACTGTGGTTTG TACGGATCGTT ATAACGATCCG GTATCGAACGT AACGA CCCAGCAGCAC Predicted 348 CAGCAGCACACTGTGGTTTGTA F1 65518 12.0 29.3 ACTGTGGTTTG TACGGATCGTT ATAACGATCCG GTATCGAACGT AACGA CCCAGCAGCAC Predicted 348 CAGCAGCACACTGTGGTTTGTA G1 65518 10.1 28.0 ACTGTGGTTTG TACGGATCGTT ATAACGATCCG GTATCGAACGT AACGA CCCAGCAGCAC Predicted 348 CAGCAGCACACTGTGGTTTGTA H1 27597 9.2 25.8 ACTGTGGTTTG TACGGATCGTT ATAACGATCCG GTATCGAACGT AACGA

Table 12, line 177, shows data relating to GAM RNA SEQ ID NO:348 that were validated by means of Wet Laboratory.

TABLE 12   VALID- BACK- GAM GAM RNA ATION GROUND  MISMATCH RNA SEQUENCE METHOD SIGNAL Z-SCORE Z-SCORE SEQ-ID CAGCAGCACACTGTGGTTTGTA Chip 65518 16.623587 30.172779 348 strong

Table 13, lines 3-42, 47-69, 84-121, 143-179, 187-207, 210-256, 264-478 shows sequence data of GAMs associated with different bacterial infections.

TABLE 13 INFEC- ROW TION SEQ ID NOs OF GAMS ASSOCIATED # NAME WITH INFECTION 2 Bordetella 1, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, pertussis 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 33, 34, 37, 41, 42, 43, 44, 47, 48, 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 60, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 75, 76, 77, 79, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91, 94, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 126, 127, 130, 131, 132, 133, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 145, 147, 149, 150, 151, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 181, 183, 184, 185, 188, 191, 195, 196, 197, 204, 205, 211, 212, 214, 215, 216, 219, 220, 222, 225, 228, 230, 231, 233, 237, 239, 241, 242, 243, 244, 250, 251, 253, 262, 264, 265, 266, 268, 271, 272, 274, 276, 277, 280, 281, 282, 284, 285, 287, 288, 289, 290, 293, 294, 296, 297, 299, 300, 301, 302, 304, 306, 308, 310, 312, 317, 318, 321, 322, 324, 326, 327, 329, 330, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 339, 340, 342, 343, 345, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 355, 356, 357, 358, 360, 361, 362, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 378, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385 and 49788- 55666. 3 Brucella 1, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 21, 23, 27, 32, 35, 1330 37, 39, 40, 42, 47, 48, 49, 50, 52, 53, 58, 62, 63, 65, suis 68, 70, 71, 77, 79, 80, 85, 86, 89, 90, 98, 102, 105, 107, 108, 109, 111, 112, 114, 115, 119, 120, 124, 125, 121, 122, 123, 126, 132, 138, 141, 142, 143, 150, 151, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161,162, 164, 166, 168, 171, 172, 173, 175, 176, 177, 180, 181, 183, 185, 186, 190, 195, 198, 199, 200, 201, 205, 207, 211, 212, 214, 215, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 225, 229, 230, 231, 233, 236, 237, 240, 241, 243, 244, 250, 251, 256, 258, 263, 264, 265, 266, 270, 277, 279, 280, 281, 282, 285, 287, 289, 290, 293, 294, 295, 297, 300, 302, 303, 306, 308, 310, 312, 315, 318, 319, 320, 321, 330, 331, 333, 334, 335, 342, 343, 347, 348, 349, 353, 354, 356, 357, 360, 361, 364, 365, 366, 368, 369, 370, 371, 373, 374, 375, 377, 381, 382, 384 and 55667-60259. 4 Chlamydia 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 25, Trachomatis 26, 27, 30, 31, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38, 40, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 55, 62, 63, 64, 67, 73, 74, 75, 78, 81, 82, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 91, 94, 95, 98, 99, 104, 105, 106, 111, 113, 116, 122, 124, 126, 128, 132, 133, 136, 138, 146, 148, 149, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 160, 164, 166, 167, 177, 179, 180, 181, 187, 188, 190, 192, 194, 198, 199, 200, 205, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 213, 214, 217, 218, 222, 224, 225, 226, 229, 232, 233, 235, 236, 239, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 248, 251, 252, 253, 254, 256, 257, 259, 262, 264, 265, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 278, 279, 287, 288, 289, 293, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 302, 303, 305, 306, 309, 311, 312, 316, 318, 319, 320, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 330, 332, 333, 335, 338, 340, 341, 343, 344, 345, 348, 349, 350, 353, 354, 356, 363, 373, 384 and 60260-67437. 6 Chlamydo- 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 13, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 27, 28, 31, phila 32, 33, 37, 39, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 52, 55, 62, 63, 64, pneumoniae 66, 67, 69, 73, 74, 82, 84, 85, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 95, CWL029 101, 102, 104, 105, 111, 114, 124148, 125, 126, 128, 143, 146, 152, 159, 160, 161, 164, 165, 166, 168, 175180, 181, 187, 176, 177, 178, 179, 189, 190, 192, 194, 201, 203, 205, 207, 208, 209, 212, 213, 214, 217, 218, 221, 223, 224, 227, 232, 233, 234, 236, 238, 239, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 252, 257, 258, 259, 260, 262, 263, 271, 272, 274, 275, 279, 281, 282, 283, 286, 289, 295, 297, 298, 299, 302, 305, 306, 309, 311, 312, 314, 319, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 330, 333, 338, 340, 343, 344, 345, 346, 348, 349, 350, 352, 353, 354, 356, 363, 377, 382, 383, 384 and 68148-75439. 7 Chlamydo- 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 27, 31, 32, 33, phila 37, 39, 45, 46, 47, 50, 52, 55, 62, 63, 64, 66, 67, 69, pneumoniae 73, 74, 8290, 92, 95, 101, 84, 85, 88, 89, 102, 104, J138 105, 111, 114, 125, 126, 128, 148, 152, 159, 160, 161, 143, 146, 164, 165, 166, 168, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 187, 189, 190, 192, 194, 201, 203, 205, 207, 208, 209, 212, 180, 181, 213, 214, 217, 218, 221, 223, 224, 227, 232, 233, 234, 236, 238, 239, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 252, 257, 259, 260, 262, 263, 271, 272, 274, 275, 279, 281, 282, 283, 286, 289, 295, 297, 298, 299, 302, 305, 306, 309, 311, 312, 314, 319, 323, 325, 326, 327, 330, 333, 338, 340, 343, 344, 345, 346, 348, 349, 350, 352, 353, 354, 356, 363, 377, 382, 383, 384 and 75440-82241. 10 Escherichia 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, coli CFT 073 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 129, 131, 132, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 141, 142, 143, 145, 146, 147, 148, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 171, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 181, 182, 184, 185, 186, 190, 191, 192, 193, 195, 196, 197, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 260, 261, 262, 265, 266, 267, 268, 270, 271, 272, 274, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 329, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 343, 344, 345, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 364, 365, 367, 368, 369, 370, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 378, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385 and 90623- 103607. 11 Haemophilus 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 15, 19, 20, 21, 22, 25, 26, influenzae 27, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 37, 38, 40, 41, 45, 46, 48, Rd 49, 50, 51, 52, 66, 67, 68, 73, 53, 55, 62, 63, 64, 78, 81, 83, 84, 85, 88, 90, 91, 92, 98, 101, 105, 106, 111, 116, 117, 119, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 134, 138, 144, 146, 149, 151, 152, 155, 156, 160, 161, 164, 165, 166, 169, 171, 172, 174, 176, 177, 179, 180, 183, 190, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 203, 205, 207, 208, 211, 213, 214, 218, 221, 223, 226, 228, 229, 234, 236, 239, 240, 242, 244, 247, 248, 251, 254, 255, 256, 259, 262, 263, 264, 271, 272, 274, 277, 279, 281, 282, 283, 295, 296, 299, 302, 305, 306, 308, 311, 312, 313, 316, 317, 318, 319, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 329, 333, 335, 338, 339, 340, 343, 344, 345, 348, 351, 353, 354, 356, 365, 368, 371, 375, 377, 379, 380, 385 and 103608-111433. 12 Leptospira 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13, 19, 22, 25, 32, 38, 39, 41, 48, interrogans 49, 52, 67, 71, 73, 84, 85, 90, 91, 93, 95, 117, 124, serovar lai 128, 164, 174, 192, 193, 203, 178, 179, 187, 190, str. 56601 207, 225, 226, 227, 229, 238, 244, 258, 259, 262, 272, 279, 193, 203, 256, 257, 295, 298, 299, 303, 306, 307, 316, 324, 327, 333, 338, 340, 344, 348, 376, 379, 384 and 111434-116384. 15 Mycobac- 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, terium 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, bovis 36, 37, 39, 41, 42, 52, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, AF2122/9 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 73, 75, 76, 60, 61, 62, 71, subsp bovis 7 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 77, 78, 79, 80, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 100, 101, 102, 90, 91, 93, 96, 97, 99, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 127, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 137, 138, 139, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 165, 166, 167, 168, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 183, 184, 185, 188, 189, 190, 191, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 218, 219, 220, 222, 225, 230, 231, 233, 236, 237, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 270, 271, 273, 276, 277, 278, 280, 281, 282, 283, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 296, 297, 299, 300, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 308, 310, 312, 313, 314, 315, 318, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 341, 342, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 355, 356, 357, 358, 360, 361, 362, 364, 365, 366, 367, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 378, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385 and 127919-137561. 16 Mycobac- 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 21, 22, terium 23, 24, 26, 29, 31, 32, 33, 36, 37, 39, 41, 42, leprae 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 53, 54, 68, 69, 70, 57, 59, 62, 65, 71, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 81, 83, 84, 86, 90, 94, 96, 98, 101, 103, 106, 107, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 121, 123, 131, 133, 134, 135, 137, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 149, 154, 156, 157, 158, 159, 161, 162, 163, 165, 166, 167, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 179, 183, 184, 185, 187, 188, 189, 190, 193, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 204, 205, 206, 211, 212, 214, 215, 216, 218, 219, 220, 221, 223, 224, 225, 228, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 241, 242, 243, 245, 249, 250, 251, 253, 254, 256, 258, 261, 263, 265, 267, 268, 269, 271, 274, 276, 277, 280, 281, 284, 288, 289, 290, 291, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 305, 306, 307, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 318, 320, 321, 323, 324, 327, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 343, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 353, 355, 356, 357, 358, 360, 361, 364, 365, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 380, 381, 382, 383 and 137562-144598. 18 Mycobac- 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, terium 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, tuberculosis 31, 32, 33, 37, 39, 41, 42, 43, 50, 51, 52, 45, H37Rv 46, 47, 48, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 93, 94, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 127, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 137, 138, 139, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 165, 166, 167, 168, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 183, 184, 185, 188, 189, 190, 191, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 218, 219, 220, 222, 225, 230, 231, 233, 234, 236, 237, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 276, 277, 278, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 308, 310, 312, 313, 314, 315, 318, 320, 321, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 341, 342, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 355, 356, 357, 358, 360, 361, 362, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 378, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385 and 146807-155497. 20 Neisseria 1, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 15, 17, 21, 22, 26, 28, 30, meningitidis 37, 39, 40, 45, 49, 52, 56, 58, 60, 62, 63, 67, Z2491 70, 76, 86, 89, 90, 91, 96, 98, 102, 103, 105, 107, 108, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 133, 138, 141, 142, 143,145, 147, 148, 149, 152, 157, 158, 164, 165, 166, 170, 171, 175, 176, 178, 181, 183, 187, 189, 197, 203, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 225, 229, 230, 231, 237, 239, 243, 245, 247, 248, 251, 253, 254, 256, 257, 258, 259, 264, 265, 268, 273, 281, 282, 283, 285, 287, 289, 290, 293, 294, 295, 297, 300, 302, 306, 308, 314, 315, 316, 319, 321, 322, 325, 327, 329, 332, 333, 334, 338, 340, 341, 344, 346, 348, 349, 350, 351, 354, 355, 356, 365, 371, 372, 375, 376, 380, 381, 382, 384 and 155834-160603. 21 Pseudomonas 1, 2, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, aeruginosa 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, PA01 34, 35, 36, 37, 41, 42, 56, 43, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 52, 54, 55, 57, 56, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 94, 95, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 130, 131, 134, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 144, 147, 149, 150, 151, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 181, 183, 184, 185, 188, 190, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 202, 204, 205, 208, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 218, 220, 222, 225, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 236, 237, 241, 242, 243, 244, 250, 251, 253, 258, 262, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 276, 277, 280, 281, 282, 283, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 296, 297, 296, 299, 300, 301, 302, 306, 312, 314, 318, 319, 320, 321, 323, 324, 325, 327, 329, 330, 331, 333, 334, 335, 336, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 345, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 355, 356, 357, 358, 360, 361, 362, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 378, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384 and 160604-170274. 22 Pseudomonas 1, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 23, K putida 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, T2440 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 61, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 76, 84, 85, 86, 88, 89, 91, 94, 98, 99, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 126, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 137, 138, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 166, 167, 168, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 181, 183, 184, 185, 187, 190, 191, 193, 195, 196, 197, 202, 204, 205, 207, 211, 212, 214, 215, 216, 220, 221, 222, 225, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 236, 237, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 248, 250, 251, 253, 255, 258, 264, 265, 266, 267, 270, 271, 272, 274, 276, 277, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 308, 310, 312, 313, 314, 316, 317, 318, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 327, 329, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 342, 343, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 360, 361, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385 and 170275-178543. 24 Salmonella 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 17, 18, enterica 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, enterica 33, 35, 37, 38, 39, 51, 40, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, serovar 48, 49, 50, 52, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 62, 63, Typhi 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75, 7, 79, 80, 81, 83, 84, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 129, 131, 132, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 150, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 185, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 208, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 225, 226, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 260, 261, 262, 263, 265, 266, 269, 270, 271, 272, 274, 276, 277, 278, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 311, 312, 314, 315, 318, 319, 323, 324, 325, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 360, 361, 364, 365, 366, 367, 369, 370, 371, 373, 374, 375, 376, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385 and 179915-190940. 25 Salmonella 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, enterica 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33, enterica 35, 37, 38, 50, 39, 40, 42 , 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, serovar 51, 52, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 69, 70, 71 , 72, 73, 60, Typhi Ty2 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 75, 77, 79, 80, 81, 83, 84, 85, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 94, 95, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 111, 112, 113,114, 115, 116, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 129, 131, 132, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 150, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 185, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 208, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 225, 226, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 260, 261, 262, 263, 265, 266, 269, 270, 271, 272, 274, 276, 277, 278, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 308, 311, 312, 314, 315, 318, 319, 323, 324, 325, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 360, 361, 364, 365, 366, 367, 369, 370, 371, 373, 374, 375, 376, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385 and 190941-201927. 26 Salmonella 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, typhimurium 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, LT2 32, 33, 48, 49, 36, 37, 38, 39, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75, 77, 79, 82, 83, 84, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 94, 95, 96, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107, 108, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 129, 131, 132, 133, 135, 137, 138, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 185, 187, 188, 189, 190, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 255, 256, 257, 258, 260, 261, 262, 263, 266, 267, 268, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 279, 280, 281, 282, 285, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 302, 303, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310,311, 312, 314, 315, 317, 318, 319, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 368, 369, 370, 371, 373, 374, 375, 376, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385 and 201928-215605. 27 Shigella 2a 1, 2 , 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, flexneri 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 35, 36, str. 2457T 37, 50, 51, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 46, 47, 48, 49, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 76, 78, 80, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 93, 94, 95, 97, 99, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141, 142, 143, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 181, 182, 184, 185, 187, 190, 191, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 207, 208, 212, 213, 214, 216, 218, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 260, 261, 262, 263, 265, 268, 270, 271, 272, 274, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 295, 3296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 01, 302, 304, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 327, 328, 329, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 371, 373, 374, 375, 376, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385 and 215606- 226197. 28 Shigella 2a 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, flexneri 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 35, 36, str. 301 37, 52, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 76, 77, 78, 80, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 99, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 129, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 181, 182, 184, 185, 187, 190, 191, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 205, 207, 208, 210, 212, 213, 214, 216, 217, 218, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 260, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 274, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 304, 306, 308, 309, 311, 312, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 320, 321, 323, 324, 325, 327, 328, 329, 331, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 371, 373, 374, 375, 376, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385 and 226198-237003. 29 Staphyl- 2, 5 , 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 27, 31, ococcus 32, 33, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, 45, 46, 47, 48, Aureus 50, 51, 52, 55, 62, 63, 67, 71, 73, 81, 83, 84, subsp. 85, 90, 91, 92, 93, 95, 98, 100, 101, 105, 106, aureus 111, 113, 116, 119, 120, 124, 131, 133, 138, Mu50 139, 146, 147, 149, 152, 153, 156, 160, 161, 162, 165, 166, 169, 171, 172, 174, 177, 179, 180, 181, 190, 192, 203, 204, 205, 207, 208, 213, 214, 217, 218, 222, 228, 231, 232, 236, 238, 240, 242, 244, 245, 247, 248, 252, 254, 256, 259, 261, 262, 270, 271, 272, 274, 275, 287, 293, 294, 299, 301, 302, 305, 306, 308, 309, 311, 316, 317, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 332, 333, 334, 335, 337, 339, 340, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 348, 349, 351, 353, 354, 356, 363, 365, 368, 371, 375, 379, 381 and 237004- 244310. 30 Staphyl- 2, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 27, 30, 31, 32, ococcuss 33, 38, 39, 40, 41, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, subsp. 55, 62, 63, 67, 71, 72, 73, 78, 81, 83, 84, 90, 91, aureus MW2 92, 93, 95, 98, 100, 101, 105, 106, 109, 111, 113, 117, 119, 120, 124, 126, 128, 130, 131, 133, 134, 138, 139, 143, 149, 152, 153, 156, 160, 161, 162, 166, 169, 171, 172, 174, 177, 179, 180, 181, 182, 190, 192, 203, 204, 205, 207, 208, 213, 214, 217, 218, 222, 228, 231, 232, 236, 238, 242, 244, 247, 248, 252, 254, 256, 257, 259, 261, 262, 271, 272, 274, 279, 287, 293, 294, 295, 299, 301, 302, 306, 307, 308, 309, 315, 316, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 332, 333, 334, 335, 337, 338, 339, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 348, 350, 351, 353, 356, 363, 365, 368, 371, 375, 379, 381 and 244311-250683. 31 Staphyl- 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 27, 31, 32, 33, ococcus 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, aureus 55, 62, 63, 67, 71, 73, 81, 83, 84, 85, 90, 91, 92, subsp. 93, 95, 98, 100, 101, 105, 106, 111, 113, 117, 119, aureus 120, 124, 131, 133, 134, 138, 139, 143, 146, 147, N315 149, 152, 153, 156, 160, 161, 162, 166, 169, 171, 172, 174, 177, 179, 180, 181, 190, 192, 203, 204, 205, 207, 208, 213, 214, 217, 218, 222, 226, 228, 231, 232, 236, 238, 240, 242, 244, 245, 247, 248, 252, 254, 256, 259, 260, 261, 262, 270, 271, 272, 274, 275, 279, 287, 293, 294, 299, 301, 302, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 311, 316, 317, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 332, 333, 334, 335, 337, 339, 340, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 348, 349, 351, 353, 354, 356, 363,365, 368, 371, 375, 379, 381 and 250684- 257140. 32 Streptococcus 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 13, 14, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, Pneumoniae 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 46, 47, R6 48, 49, 50, 52, 55, 56, 62, 63, 67, 73, 77, 81, 83,84, 85, 87, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 100, 101, 102, 105, 106, 111, 112, 114, 115, 116, 117, 119, 123, 124, 126, 133, 136, 138, 143, 145, 146, 147, 149, 152, 156, 160, 161, 164, 166, 168, 169, 171, 172, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 190, 192, 203, 204, 205, 208, 209, 213, 214, 217, 218, 223, 226, 228, 229, 232, 233, 235, 236, 238, 239, 242, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 252, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 264, 268, 271, 274, 279, 282, 284, 287, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 302, 303, 305, 306, 307, 309, 311, 312, 314, 315, 316, 320, 321, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 329, 333, 335, 338, 340, 341, 344, 345, 348, 350, 351, 352, 353, 356, 357, 359, 365, 368, 371, 372, 373, 375, 377, 379, 380, 382, 384, 385 and 257141-265301. 33 Streptococcus 2, 10, 13, 25, 27, 33, 46, 48, 50, 52, 55, 62, 63, pneumoniae 67, 73, 81, 84, 91, 101, 105, 106, 111, 119, 149, TIGR4 152, 160, 161, 176, 177, 164, 166, 168, 169, 171, 172, 175, 179, 180, 190, 205, 208, 213, 214, 218, 228, 236, 242, 244, 246, 262, 268, 271, 272, 274, 297, 299, 306, 321, 323, 324, 325, 327, 329, 333, 340, 345, 348, 351, 353, 356, 359, 365, 368, 371, 372, 375, 380 and 265302-266788. 34 Streptococcus 3, 5, 8, 10, 21, 22, 25, 27, 32, 37, 38, 39, 40, 43, pyogenes 49, 90, 95, 96, 106, 116, 126, 129, 138, 163, 164, M1 GAS 168, 175, 261, 262, 176, 180, 226, 232, 244, 246, 259, 268, 283, 295, 296, 297, 299, 306, 309, 316, 321, 329, 330, 333, 348, 349, 359, 372, 379, 380 and 266789-269521. 35 Streptococcus 3, 8, 10, 13, 20, 22, 25, 27, 31, 32, 33, 37, 38, 40, pyogenes 46, 48, 52, 55, 62, 67, 73, 84, 90, 91, 105, 106, MGAS315 113, 116, 175, 176, 129, 138, 152, 160, 164, 166, 168, 177, 179, 180, 186, 190, 192, 208, 211, 213, 214, 218, 226, 229, 232, 236, 242, 244, 246, 262, 268, 271, 272, 274, 282, 283, 295, 296, 297, 299, 306, 309, 312, 321, 323, 324, 325, 327, 329, 333, 340, 345, 348, 349, 353, 356, 359, 372, 379, 380, 381 and 269522-272357. 36 Streptococcus 3, 4, 8, 10, 13, 21, 22, 25, 27, 31, 33, 37, 38, 39, pyogenes 40, 46, 48, 52, 55, 62, 67, 73, 84, 90, 91, 95, 105, MGAS8232 106, 113, 116, 129, 138, 168, 152, 160, 163, 164, 166, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 190, 205, 208, 213, 214, 218, 226, 232, 236, 242, 244, 246, 247, 259, 260, 261, 262, 268, 271, 272, 274, 295, 296, 297, 299, 306, 307, 309, 316, 321, 323, 324, 325, 327, 329, 330, 333, 337, 340, 344, 345, 348, 349, 353, 356, 359, 363, 372, 379, 380, 381 and 272358- 275553. 37 Streptococcus 10, 13, 25, 27, 31, 33, 46, 48, 52, 55, 62, 67, 73, pyogenes 84, 91, 164, 166, 168, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, SSI-1 190, 205, 208, 213, 214, 242, 218, 236, 244, 246, 262, 268, 271, 272, 274, 297, 299, 306, 324, 325, 327, 329, 321, 323, 105, 113, 152, 160, 333, 340, 345, 348, 353, 356, 359, 372, 380, 381 and 275554-276703. 38 Treponema 3, 10, 13, 48, 52, 57, 59, 67, 81, 84, 86, 90, 91, subsp. 121, 131, 134, 174, 175, 176, 184, 218, 228, 231, pallidum str. 235, 236, 243, 261, 262, 269, 272 306, 289, Nichols 291, 295, 299, 312, 324, 329, 332, 333, 340 345, 356, 358 and 276704-277654. 39 Yersinia 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 16, 18, 19, 21, pestis 22, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 54, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 51, 52, 53, 55, 57, 58, 61, 62, 63, 67, 68, 70, 71, 73, 75, 76, 78, 82, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 93, 94, 95, 98, 99, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 138, 140, 141, 142, 143, 146, 148, 149, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 160, 164, 165, 166, 167, 169, 171, 172, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 182, 184, 186, 187, 188, 190, 191, 192, 193, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 205, 206, 208, 209, 211, 213, 214, 215, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 224, 225, 226, 227, 229, 230, 232, 233, 234, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 250, 251, 252, 253, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 262, 263, 264, 270, 271, 272, 274, 276, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 286, 287, 289, 291, 292, 293, 295, 296, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 304, 306, 307, 308, 309, 311, 314, 315, 317, 319, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 329, 330, 331, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 363, 364, 365, 367, 368, 370, 372, 373, 374, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384 and 277655- 287825. 40 Yersinia 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 16, 18, 19, 20, pestis 21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, KIM 39, 40, 41, 53, 54, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 51, 52, 55, 57, 58, 61, 62, 63, 65, 67, 68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 78, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 93, 94, 95, 97, 99, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117, 118, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 138, 140, 142, 143, 146, 147, 148, 149, 151, 152, 153, 154, 156, 158, 160, 164, 165, 166, 169, 171, 172, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 182, 186, 187, 188, 190, 191, 192, 193, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 211, 213, 214, 215, 217, 218, 220, 221, 222, 224, 225, 226, 227, 229, 230, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 247, 248, 250, 251, 252, 253, 255, 256, 257, 258, 260, 262, 263, 264, 270, 271, 272, 274, 276, 279, 281, 282, 283, 284, 286, 287, 288, 289, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 298, 299, 300, 302, 303, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 311, 314, 315, 317, 318, 319, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 327, 329, 330, 331, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 362, 363, 364, 365, 367, 368, 370, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385 and 287826-298021.

The present invention discloses a novel group of bacterial and human oligonucleotides, belonging to the miRNA-like oligonucleotide group, here termed GAM oligonucleotides, for which a specific complementary binding has been determined bioinformatically.

Reference is now made to FIG. 2, which is a simplified block diagram illustrating a bioinformatic oligonucleotide detection system and method constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

An important feature of the present invention is a bioinformatic oligonucleotide detection engine 100, which is capable of bioinformatically detecting oligonucleotides of the present invention.

The functionality of the bioinformatic oligonucleotide detection engine 100 includes receiving expressed RNA data 102, sequenced DNA data 104, and protein function data 106; performing a complex process of analysis of this data as elaborated hereinbelow, and based on this analysis provides information, designated by reference numeral 108, identifying and describing features of novel oligonucleotides.

Expressed RNA data 102 comprises published expressed sequence tags (EST) data, published mRNA data, as well as other published RNA data. Sequenced DNA data 104 comprises alphanumeric data representing genomic sequences and preferably including annotations such as information indicating the location of known protein-coding regions relative to the genomic sequences.

Protein function data 106 comprises information from scientific publications e.g. physiological functions of known proteins and their connection, involvement and possible utility in treatment and diagnosis of various diseases.

Expressed RNA data 102 and sequenced DNA data 104 may preferably be obtained from data published by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Institute of Health (NIH) (Jenuth, J. P. (2000). Methods Mol. Biol. 132:301-312(2000), herein incorporated by reference) as well as from various other published data sources. Protein function data 106 may preferably be obtained from any one of numerous relevant published data sources, such as the Online Mendelian Inherited Disease In Man (OMIM™, Hamosh et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 30: 52-55(2002)) database developed by John Hopkins University, and also published by NCBI (2000).

Prior to or during actual detection of bioinformatically-detected group of novel oligonucleotides 108 by the bioinformatic oligonucleotide detection engine 100, bioinformatic oligonucleotide detection engine training & validation functionality 110 is operative. This functionality uses one or more known miRNA oligonucleotides as a training set to train the bioinformatic oligonucleotide detection engine 100 to bioinformatically recognize miRNA-like oligonucleotides, and their respective potential target binding sites. Bioinformatic oligonucleotide detection engine training & validation functionality 110 is further described hereinbelow with reference to FIG. 3.

The bioinformatic oligonucleotide detection engine 100 preferably comprises several modules which are preferably activated sequentially, and are described as follows:

A non-protein-coding genomic sequence detector 112 operative to bioinformatically detect non-protein-coding genomic sequences. The non-protein-coding genomic sequence detector 112 is further described herein below with reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B.

A hairpin detector 114 operative to bioinformatically detect genomic “hairpin-shaped” sequences, similar to GAM FOLDED PRECURSOR RNA (FIG. 1). The hairpin detector 114 is further described herein below with reference to FIGS. 5A and 5B.

A Dicer-cut location detector 116 operative to bioinformatically detect the location on a GAM FOLDED PRECURSOR RNA which is enzymatically cut by DICER COMPLEX (FIG. 1), yielding “diced” GAM RNA. The Dicer-cut location detector 116 is further described herein below with reference to FIGS. 6A-6C.

A target gene binding site detector 118 operative to bioinformatically detect target genes having binding sites, the nucleotide sequence of which is partially complementary to that of a given genomic sequence, such as a nucleotide sequence cut by DICER COMPLEX. The target gene binding site detector 118 is further described hereinbelow with reference to FIGS. 7A and 7B.

A function & utility analyzer, designated by reference numeral 120, is operative to analyze the function and utility of target genes in order to identify target genes which have a significant clinical function and utility. The function & utility analyzer 120 is further described hereinbelow with reference to FIG. 8

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the bioinformatic oligonucleotide detection engine 100 may employ a cluster of 40 personal computers (PCs; XEON®, 2.8 GHz, with 80 GB storage each) connected by Ethernet to eight servers (2-CPU, XEON™ 1.2-2.2 GHz, with ˜200 GB storage each) and combined with an 8-processor server (8-CPU, Xeon 550 Mhz w/8 GB RAM) connected via 2 HBA fiber-channels to an EMC CLARIION™ 100-disks, 3.6 Terabyte storage device. A preferred embodiment of the present invention may also preferably comprise software that utilizes a commercial database software program, such as MICROSOFT ™ SQL Server 2000.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bioinformatic oligonucleotide detection engine 100 may employ a cluster of 80 Servers (XEON®, 2.8 GHz, with 80 GB storage each) connected by Ethernet to eight servers (2-CPU, XEON™ 1.2-2.2 GHz, with ˜200 GB storage each) and combined with storage device (Promise Technology Inc., RM8000) connected to an 8-disks, 2 Terabytes total. A preferred embodiment of the present invention may also preferably comprise software that utilizes a commercial database software program, such as MICROSOFT ™ SQL Server 2000. It is appreciated that the abovementioned hardware configuration is not meant to be limiting and is given as an illustration only. The present invention may be implemented in a wide variety of hardware and software configurations.

The present invention discloses 21,916 bacterial and 6,100 human novel oligonucleotides of the GAM group of oligonucleotides, which have been detected bioinformatically and 6,056 bacterial and 430 novel polynucleotides of the GR group of polynucleotides, which have been detected bioinformatically. Laboratory confirmation of bioinformatically predicted oligonucleotides of the GAM group of oligonucleotides, and several bioinformatically predicted polynucleotides of the GR group of polynucleotides, is described hereinbelow with reference to FIGS. 13-15D, FIG. 18 and Table 12.

Reference is now made to FIG. 3, which is a simplified flowchart illustrating operation of a preferred embodiment of the bioinformatic oligonucleotide detection engine training & validation functionality 110 described hereinabove with reference to FIG. 2.

Bioinformatic oligonucleotide detection engine training & validation functionality 110 begins by training the bioinformatic oligonucleotide detection engine 100 (FIG. 2) to recognize one or more known miRNA oligonucleotides, as designated by reference numeral 122. This training step comprises hairpin detector training & validation functionality 124, further described hereinbelow with reference to FIG. 5A, Dicer-cut location detector training & validation functionality 126, further described hereinbelow with reference to FIGS. 6A and 6B, and target gene binding site detector training & validation functionality 128, further described hereinbelow with reference to FIG. 7A.

Next, the bioinformatic oligonucleotide detection engine training & validation functionality 110 is operative bioinformatically detect novel oligonucleotides, using bioinformatic oligonucleotide detection engine 100 (FIG. 2), as designated by reference numeral 130. Wet lab experiments are preferably conducted in order to validate expression and preferably function of some samples of the novel oligonucleotides detected by the bioinformatic oligonucleotide detection engine 100, as designated by reference numeral 132. FIGS. 13A-15D, FIG. 18 and Table 12 illustrate examples of wet lab validation of sample novel human oligonucleotides bioinformatically-detected in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Reference is now made to FIG. 4A, which is a simplified block diagram of a preferred implementation of the non-protein-coding genomic sequence detector 112 described hereinabove with reference to FIG. 2. The non-protein-coding genomic sequence detector 112 preferably receives at least two types of published genomic data: Expressed RNA data 102 and sequenced DNA data 104. The expressed RNA data 102 may include, inter alia, EST data, EST clusters data, EST genome alignment data and mRNA data. Sources for expressed RNA data 102 include NCBI dbEST, NCBI UniGene clusters and mapping data, and TIGR gene indices (Kirkness F. and Kerlavage, A. R., Methods Mol. Biol. 69:261-268 (1997)). Sequenced DNA data 104 may include sequence data (FASTA format files), and feature annotations (GenBank file format) mainly from NCBI databases. Based on the abovementioned input data, the non-protein-coding genomic sequence detector 112 produces a plurality of non-protein-coding genomic sequences 136. Preferred operation of the non-protein-coding genomic sequence detector 112 is described hereinbelow with reference to FIG. 4B.

Reference is now made to FIG. 4B, which is a simplified flowchart illustrating a preferred operation of the non-protein-coding genomic sequence detector 112 of FIG. 2. Detection of non-protein-coding genomic sequences 136, generally preferably progresses along one of the following two paths:

A first path for detecting non-protein-coding genomic sequences 136 (FIG. 4A) begins with receipt of a plurality of known RNA sequences, such as EST data. Each RNA sequence is first compared with known protein-coding DNA sequences, in order to select only those RNA sequences which are non-protein-coding, i.e. intergenic or intronic sequences. This can preferably be performed by using one of many alignment algorithms known in the art, such as BLAST (Altschul et al., J. Mol. Biol. 215:403-410 (1990)). This sequence comparison preferably also provides localization of the RNA sequence on the DNA sequences.

Alternatively, selection of non-protein-coding RNA sequences and their localization on the DNA sequences can be performed by using publicly available EST cluster data and genomic mapping databases, such as the UNIGENE database published by NCBI or the TIGR database. Such databases, map expressed RNA sequences to DNA sequences encoding them, find the correct orientation of EST sequences, and indicate mapping of ESTs to protein-coding DNA regions, as is well known in the art. Public databases, such as TIGR, may also be used to map an EST to a cluster of ESTs, known in the art as Tentative Human Consensus and assumed to be expressed as one segment. Publicly available genome annotation databases, such as NCBI's GenBank, may also be used to deduce expressed intronic sequences.

Optionally, an attempt may be made to “expand” the non-protein RNA sequences thus found, by searching for transcription start and end signals, respectively upstream and downstream of the location of the RNA on the DNA, as is well known in the art.

A second path for detecting non-protein-coding genomic sequences 136 (FIG. 4A) begins with receipt of DNA sequences. The DNA sequences are parsed into non-protein-coding sequences, using published DNA annotation data, by extracting those DNA sequences which are between known protein-coding sequences. Next, transcription start and end signals are sought. If such signals are found, and depending on their robustness, probable expressed non-protein-coding genomic sequences are obtained. Such approach is especially useful for identifying novel GAM oligonucleotides which are found in proximity to other known miRNA oligonucleotides, or other wet lab validated GAM oligonucleotides. Since, as described hereinbelow with reference to FIG. 9, GAM oligonucleotides are frequently found in clusters; sequences located near known miRNA oligonucleotides are more likely to contain novel GAM oligonucleotides. Optionally, sequence orthology, i.e. sequence conservation in an evolutionary related species, may be used to select genomic sequences having a relatively high probability of containing expressed novel GAM oligonucleotides. It is appreciated that in detecting non-human GAM oligonucleotides of the present invention the bioinformatic oligonucleotide detection engine 100 utilizes the input genomic sequences, without filtering protein-coding regions detected by the non-protein-coding genomic sequence detector 112, hence non-protein-coding genomic sequences 136 refers to GENOMIC SEQUENCES only.

Reference is now made to FIG. 5A, which is a simplified block diagram of a preferred implementation of the hairpin detector 114 described hereinabove with reference to FIG. 2.

The goal of the hairpin detector 114 is to detect hairpin-shaped genomic sequences, similar to those of known miRNA oligonucleotides. A hairpin-shaped genomic sequence is a genomic sequence, having a first half which is at least partially complementary to a second half thereof, which causes the halves to folds onto themselves, thereby forming a hairpin structure, as mentioned hereinabove with reference to FIG. 1.

The hairpin detector 114 (FIG. 2) receives a plurality of non-protein-coding genomic sequences 136 (FIG. 4A). Following operation of hairpin detector training & validation functionality 124 (FIG. 3), the hairpin detector 114 is operative to detect and output hairpin-shaped sequences, which are found in the non-protein-coding genomic sequences 136. The hairpin-shaped sequences detected by the hairpin detector 114 are designated hairpin structures on genomic sequences 138. A preferred mode of operation of the hairpin detector 114 is described hereinbelow with reference to FIG. 5B.

Hairpin detector training & validation functionality 124 includes an iterative process of applying the hairpin detector 114 to known hairpin-shaped miRNA precursor sequences, calibrating the hairpin detector 114 such that it identifies a training set of known hairpin-shaped miRNA precursor sequences, as well as other similarly hairpin-shaped sequences. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hairpin detector training & validation functionality 124 trains the hairpin detector 114 and validates each of the steps of operation thereof described hereinbelow with reference to FIG. 5B

The hairpin detector training & validation functionality 124 preferably uses two sets of data: the aforesaid training set of known hairpin-shaped miRNA precursor sequences, such as hairpin-shaped miRNA precursor sequences of 440 miRNA oligonucleotides of H. sapiens, M. musculus, C. elegans, C. Brigssae and D. Melanogaster, annotated in the RFAM database (Griffiths-Jones 2003), and a background set of about 1000 hairpin-shaped sequences found in expressed non-protein-coding human genomic sequences. The background set is expected to comprise some valid, previously undetected hairpin-shaped miRNA-like precursor sequences, and many hairpin-shaped sequences which are not hairpin-shaped miRNA-like precursors.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the efficacy of the hairpin detector 114 (FIG. 2) is confirmed. For example, when a similarity threshold is chosen such that 87% of the known hairpin-shaped miRNA precursors are successfully predicted, only 21.8% of the 1000 background set of hairpin-shaped sequences are predicted to be hairpin-shaped miRNA-like precursors.

Reference is now made to FIG. 5B, which is a simplified flowchart illustrating preferred operation of the hairpin detector 114 of FIG. 2. The hairpin detector 114 preferably initially uses a secondary structure folding algorithm based on free-energy minimization, such as the MFOLD algorithm, described in Mathews et al. J. Mol. Biol. 288:911-940 (1999) and Zuker, M. Nucleic Acids Res. 31: 3406-3415 (2003), the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. This algorithm is operative to calculate probable secondary structure folding patterns of the non-protein-coding genomic sequences 136 (FIG. 4A) as well as the free-energy of each of these probable secondary folding patterns. The secondary structure folding algorithm, such as the MFOLD algorithm (Mathews, 1997; Zuker 2003), typically provides a listing of the base-pairing of the folded shape, i.e. a listing of each pair of connected nucleotides in the sequence.

Next, the hairpin detector 114 analyzes the results of the secondary structure folding patterns, in order to determine the presence and location of hairpin folding structures. The goal of this second step is to assess the base-pairing listing provided by the secondary structure folding algorithm, in order to determine whether the base-pairing listing describes one or more hairpin type bonding pattern. Preferably, sequence segment corresponding to a hairpin structure is then separately analyzed by the secondary structure folding algorithm in order to determine its exact folding pattern and free-energy.

The hairpin detector 114 then assesses the hairpin structures found by the previous step, comparing them to hairpin structures of known miRNA precursors, using various characteristic hairpin structure features such as its free-energy and its thermodynamic stability, the amount and type of mismatched nucleotides and the existence of sequence repeat-elements, number of mismatched nucleotides in positions 18-22 counting from loop, and Percent of G nucleotide. Only hairpins that bear statistically significant resemblance to the training set of hairpin structures of known miRNA precursors, according to the abovementioned parameters, are accepted.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, similarity to the training set of hairpin structures of known miRNA precursors is determined using a “similarity score” which is calculated using a multiplicity of terms, where each term is a function of one of the above-mentioned hairpin structure features. The parameters of each function are found heuristically from the set of hairpin structures of known miRNA precursors, as described hereinabove with reference to hairpin detector training & validation functionality 124 (FIG. 3). The selection of the features and their function parameters is optimized so as to achieve maximized separation between the distribution of similarity scores validated miRNA precursor hairpin structures, and the distribution of similarity scores of hairpin structures detected in the background set mentioned hereinabove with reference to FIG. 5B.

In an alternative preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step described in the preceding paragraph may be split into two stages. A first stage implements a simplified scoring method, typically based on thresholding a subset of the hairpin structure features described hereinabove, and may employ a minimum threshold for hairpin structure length and a maximum threshold for free-energy. A second stage is preferably more stringent, and preferably employs a full calculation of the weighted sum of terms described hereinabove. The second stage preferably is performed only on the subset of hairpin structures that survived the first stage.

The hairpin detector 114 also attempts to select hairpin structures whose thermodynamic stability is similar to that of hairpin structures of known miRNA precursors. This may be achieved in various ways. A preferred embodiment of the present invention utilizes the following methodology, preferably comprising three logical steps:

First, the hairpin detector 114 attempts to group hairpin structures into “families” of closely related hairpin structures. As is known in the art, a secondary structure folding algorithm typically provides multiple alternative folding patterns, for a given genomic sequence and indicates the free-energy of each alternative folding pattern. It is a particular feature of the present invention that the hairpin detector 114 preferably assesses the various hairpin structures appearing in the various alternative folding patterns and groups' hairpin structures which appear at identical or similar sequence locations in various alternative folding patterns into common sequence location based “families” of hairpins. For example, all hairpin structures whose center is within 7 nucleotides of each other may be grouped into a “family”. Hairpin structures may also be grouped into a “family” if their nucleotide sequences are identical or overlap to a predetermined degree.

It is also a particular feature of the present invention that the hairpin structure “families” are assessed in order to select only those families which represent hairpin structures that are as thermodynamically stable as those of hairpin structures of known miRNA precursors. Preferably only families which are represented in at least a selected majority of the alternative secondary structure folding patterns, typically 65%, 80% or 100% are considered to be sufficiently stable. Our tests suggest that only about 50% of the hairpin structures, predicted by the MFOLD algorithm with default parameters, are members of sufficiently stable families, comparing to about 90% of the hairpin structures that contain known miRNAs. This percent depends on the size of the fraction that was fold. In an alternative embodiment of the present invention we use fractions of size 1000 nts as preferable size. Different embodiment uses other sizes of genomics sequences, more or less strict demand for representation in the alternative secondary structure folding patterns.

It is an additional particular feature of the present invention that the most suitable hairpin structure is selected from each selected family. For example, a hairpin structure which has the greatest similarity to the hairpin structures appearing in alternative folding patterns of the family may be preferred. Alternatively or additionally, the hairpin structures having relatively low free-energy may be preferred.

Alternatively or additionally considerations of homology to hairpin structures of other organisms and the existence of clusters of thermodynamically stable hairpin structures located adjacent to each other along a sequence may be important in selection of hairpin structures. The tightness of the clusters in terms of their location and the occurrence of both homology and clusters may be of significance.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 6A-6C, which together describe the structure and operation of the Dicer-cut location detector 116, described hereinabove with reference to FIG. 2.

Reference is now made to FIG. 6A, which is a simplified block diagram of a preferred implementation of the Dicer-cut location detector 116. The goal of the Dicer-cut location detector 116 is to detect the location in which the DICER COMPLEX, described hereinabove with reference to FIG. 1, dices GAM FOLDED PRECURSOR RNA, yielding GAM RNA.

The Dicer-cut location detector 116 therefore receives a plurality of hairpin structures on genomic sequences, designated by reference numeral 138 (FIG. 5A), and following operation of Dicer-cut location detector training & validation functionality 126 (FIG. 3), is operative to detect a plurality of Dicer-cut sequences from hairpin structures, designated by reference numeral 140.

Reference is now made to FIG. 6B, which is a simplified flowchart illustrating a preferred implementation of Dicer-cut location detector training & validation functionality 126.

A general goal of the Dicer-cut location detector training & validation functionality 126 is to analyze the Dicer-cut locations of known diced miRNA on respective hairpin-shaped miRNA precursors in order to determine a common pattern in these locations, which can be used to predict Dicer-cut locations on GAM folded precursor RNAs.

The Dicer-cut locations of known miRNA precursors are obtained and studied. Locations of the 5′ and/or 3′ ends of the known diced miRNA oligonucleotides are preferably represented by their respective distances from the 5′ end of the corresponding hairpin-shaped miRNA precursor. Additionally or alternatively, the 5′ and/or 3′ ends of the known diced miRNA oligonucleotides are preferably represented by the relationship between their locations and the locations of one or more nucleotides along the hairpin-shaped miRNA precursor. Additionally or alternatively, the 5′ and/or 3′ ends of the known diced miRNA oligonucleotides are preferably represented by the relationship between their locations and the locations of one or more bound nucleotide pairs along the hairpin-shaped miRNA precursor. Additionally or alternatively, the 5′ and/or 3′ ends of the known diced miRNA oligonucleotides are preferably represented by the relationship between their locations and the locations of one or more mismatched nucleotide pairs along the hairpin-shaped miRNA precursor. Additionally or alternatively, the 5′ and/or 3′ ends of the known diced miRNA oligonucleotides are preferably represented by the relationship between their locations and the locations of one or more unmatched nucleotides along the hairpin-shaped miRNA precursor. Additionally or alternatively, locations of the 5′ and/or 3′ ends of the known diced miRNA oligonucleotides are preferably represented by their respective distances from the loop located at the center of the corresponding hairpin-shaped miRNA precursor.

One or more of the foregoing location metrics may be employed in the Dicer-cut location detector training & validation functionality 126. Additionally, metrics related to the nucleotide content of the diced miRNA and/or of the hairpin-shaped miRNA precursor may be employed.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Dicer-cut location detector training & validation functionality 126 preferably employs standard machine learning techniques known in the art of machine learning to analyze existing patterns in a given “training set” of examples. Standard machine learning techniques are capable, to a certain degree, of detecting patterns in examples to which they have not been previously exposed that are similar to those in the training set. Such machine learning techniques include, but are not limited to neural networks, Bayesian Modeling, Bayesian Networks, Support Vector Machines (SVM), Genetic Algorithms, Markovian Modeling, Maximum Likelihood Modeling, Nearest Neighbor Algorithms, Decision Trees and other techniques, as is well-known in the art.

In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, two or more classifiers or predictors based on the abovementioned machine learning techniques are separately trained on the abovementioned training set, and are used jointly in order to predict the Dicer-cut location. As an example, FIG. 6B illustrates operation of two classifiers, a 3′ end recognition classifier and a 5′ end recognition classifier. Most preferably, the Dicer-cut location detector training & validation functionality 126 implements a “best-of-breed” approach employing a pair of classifiers based on the abovementioned Bayesian Modeling and Nearest Neighbor Algorithms, and accepting only “potential GAM RNAs” that score highly on one of these predictors. In this context, “high scores” means scores that have been demonstrated to have low false positive value when scoring known miRNA oligonucleotides. Alternatively, the Dicer-cut location detector training & validation functionality 126 may implement operation of more or less than two classifiers.

Predictors used in a preferred embodiment of the present invention are further described hereinbelow with reference to FIG. 6C. A computer program listing of a computer program implementation of the Dicer-cut location detector training & validation functionality 126 is enclosed on an electronic medium in computer-readable form, and is hereby incorporated by reference herein.

When evaluated on the abovementioned validation set of 440 published miRNA oligonucleotides using k-fold cross validation (Mitchell, 1997) with k=3, the performance of the resulting predictors is as follows: In 70% of known miRNA oligonucleotides, a 5′ end location is correctly determined by a Support Vector Machine predictor within up to two nucleotides; a Nearest Neighbor (EDIT DISTANCE) predictor achieves 56% accuracy (247/440); and a Two-Phased Predictor that uses Bayesian modeling (TWO PHASED) achieves 80% accuracy (352/440) when only the first phase is used. When the second phase (strand choice) is implemented by a naive Bayesian model, the accuracy is 55% (244/440), and when the K-nearest-neighbor modeling is used for the second phase, 374/440 decisions are made and the accuracy is 65% (242/374). A K-nearest-neighbor predictor (FIRST-K) achieves 61% accuracy (268/440). The accuracies of all predictors are considerably higher on top-scoring subsets of published miRNA oligonucleotides.

Finally, in order to validate the efficacy and accuracy of the Dicer-cut location detector 116, a sample of novel oligonucleotides detected thereby is preferably selected, and validated by wet lab experiments. Laboratory results validating the efficacy of the Dicer-cut location detector 116 are described hereinbelow with reference to FIGS. 13-15D, FIG. 18 and also in the enclosed file Table 12.

Reference is now made to FIG. 6C, which is a simplified flowchart illustrating an operation of a Dicer-cut location detector 116 (FIG. 2), constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The Dicer-cut location detector 116 preferably comprises a machine learning computer program module, which is trained to recognize Dicer-cut locations on known hairpin-shaped miRNA precursors, and based on this training, is operable to detect Dicer-cut locations of novel GAM RNA (FIG. 1) on GAM FOLDED PRECURSOR RNA (FIG. 1). In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Dicer-cut location module preferably utilizes machine learning algorithms, including but not limited to Support Vector Machine, Bayesian modeling, Nearest Neighbors, and K-nearest-neighbor algorithms that are known in the art.

When initially assessing a novel GAM FOLDED PRECURSOR RNA, each 19-24 nt-long segment thereof is considered to be a potential GAM RNA, because the Dicer-cut location is initially unknown.

For each such potential GAM RNA, the location of its 5′ end or the locations of its 5′ and 3′ ends are scored by at least one recognition classifier or predictor, operating on features such as the following: Locations of the 5′ and/or 3′ ends of the known diced miRNA oligonucleotides, which are preferably represented by their respective distances from the 5′ end of the corresponding hairpin-shaped miRNA precursor. Additionally or alternatively, the 5′ and/or 3′ ends of the known diced miRNA oligonucleotides, which are preferably represented by the relationship between their locations and the locations of one or more nucleotides along the hairpin-shaped miRNA precursor. Additionally or alternatively, the 5′ and/or 3′ ends of the known diced miRNA oligonucleotides, which are preferably represented by the relationship between their locations and the locations of one or more bound nucleotide pairs along the hairpin-shaped miRNA precursor. Additionally or alternatively, the 5′ and/or 3′ ends of the known diced miRNA oligonucleotides, which are preferably represented by the relationship between their locations and the locations of one or more mismatched nucleotide pairs along the hairpin-shaped miRNA precursor. Additionally or alternatively, the 5′ and/or 3′ ends of the known diced miRNA oligonucleotides, which are preferably represented by the relationship between their locations and the locations of one or more unmatched nucleotides along the hairpin-shaped miRNA precursor. Additionally or alternatively, locations of the 5′ and/or 3′ ends of the known diced miRNA oligonucleotides, which are preferably represented by their respective distances from the loop located at the center of the corresponding hairpin-shaped miRNA precursor. Additionally or alternatively, metrics related to the nucleotide content of the diced miRNA and/or of the hairpin-shaped miRNA precursor.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Dicer-cut location detector 116 (FIG. 2) may use a Support Vector Machine predictor.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Dicer-cut location detector 116 (FIG. 2) preferably employs an “EDIT DISTANCE” predictor, which seeks sequences that are similar to those of known miRNA oligonucleotides, utilizing a Nearest Neighbor algorithm, where a similarity metric between two sequences is a variant of the Edit Distance algorithm (Gusfield, 1997). The EDIT DISTANCE predictor is based on an observation that miRNA oligonucleotides tend to form clusters, the members of which show marked sequence similarity.

In yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Dicer-cut location detector 116 (FIG. 2) preferably uses a “TWO PHASE” predictor, which predicts the Dicer-cut location in two distinct phases: (a) selecting a double-stranded segment of the GAM FOLDED PRECURSOR RNA (FIG. 1) comprising the GAM RNA by naive Bayesian modeling and (b) detecting which strand of the double-stranded segment contains GAM RNA (FIG. 1) by employing either naive or K-nearest-neighbor modeling. K-nearest-neighbor modeling is a variant of the “FIRST-K” predictor described hereinbelow, with parameters optimized for this specific task. The “TWO PHASE” predictor may be operated in two modes: either utilizing only the first phase and thereby producing two alternative Dicer-cut location predictions, or utilizing both phases and thereby producing only one final Dicer-cut location.

In still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Dicer-cut location detector 116 preferably uses a “FIRST-K” predictor, which utilizes a K-nearest-neighbor algorithm. The similarity metric between any two sequences is 1-E/L, where L is a parameter, preferably 8-10 and E is the edit distance between the two sequences, taking into account only the first L nucleotides of each sequence. If the K-nearest-neighbor scores of two or more locations on the GAM FOLDED PRECURSOR RNA (FIG. 1) are not significantly different, these locations are further ranked by a Bayesian model, similar to the one described hereinabove.

In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, scores of two or more of the abovementioned classifiers or predictors are integrated, yielding an integrated score for each potential GAM RNA. As an example, FIG. 6C illustrates an integration of scores from two classifiers, a 3′ end recognition classifier and a 5′ end recognition classifier, the scores of which are integrated to yield an integrated score. Most preferably, the INTEGRATED SCORE of FIG. 6C preferably implements a “best-of-breed” approach employing a pair of classifiers and accepting only “potential GAM RNAs” that score highly on one of the abovementioned “EDIT DISTANCE” or “TWO PHASE” predictors. In this context, “high scores” means scores that have been demonstrated to have low false positive value when scoring known miRNA oligonucleotides. Alternatively, the INTEGRATED SCORE may be derived from operation of more or less than two classifiers.

The INTEGRATED SCORE is evaluated as follows: (a) the “potential GAM RNA” having the highest score is preferably taken to be the most probable GAM RNA, and (b) if the integrated score of this most probable GAM RNA is higher than a pre-defined threshold, then the most probable GAM RNA is accepted as a PREDICTED GAM RNA. Preferably, this evaluation technique is not limited to the highest scoring potential GAM RNA.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, PREDICTED GAM RNAs comprising a low complexity nucleotide sequence (e.g., ATATATA) may optionally be filtered out, because there is a high probability that they are part of a repeated element in the DNA, and are therefore not functional, as is known in the art. For each PREDICTED GAM RNA sequence, the number of occurrences of each two nt combination (AA, AT, AC) comprised in that sequence is counted. PREDICTED GAM RNA sequences where the sum of the two most probable combinations is higher than a threshold, preferably 8-10, are filtered out. As an example, when the threshold is set such that 2% of the known miRNA oligonucleotides are filtered out, 30% of the predicted GAM RNAs are filtered out.

Reference is now made to FIG. 7A, which is a simplified block diagram of a preferred implementation of the target gene binding site detector 118 described hereinabove with reference to FIG. 2. The goal of the target gene binding site detector 118 is to detect one or more binding sites located in 3′UTRs of the mRNA of a known gene, such as BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II and BINDING SITE III (FIG. 1), the nucleotide sequence of which binding sites is partially or fully complementary to a GAM RNA, thereby determining that the abovementioned known gene is a target gene of the GAM RNA.

The target gene binding site detector 118 (FIG. 2) receives a plurality of Dicer-cut sequences from hairpin structures 140 (FIG. 6A) and a plurality of potential target gene sequences 142, which are derived from sequenced DNA data 104 (FIG. 2).

The target gene binding site detector training & validation functionality 128 (FIG. 3) is operative to train the target gene binding site detector 118 on known miRNA oligonucleotides and their respective target genes and to build a background model for an evaluation of the probability of achieving similar results randomly (P value) for the target gene binding site detector 118 results. The target gene binding site detector training & validation functionality 128 constructs the model by analyzing both heuristically and computationally the results of the target gene binding site detector 118.

Following operation of target gene binding site detector training & validation functionality 128 (FIG. 3), the target gene binding site detector 118 is operative to detect a plurality of potential novel target genes having binding site/s 144, the nucleotide sequence of which is partially or fully complementary to that of each of the plurality of Dicer-cut sequences from hairpin structures 140. Preferred operation of the target gene binding site detector 118 is further described hereinbelow with reference to FIG. 7B.

Reference is now made to FIG. 7B, which is a simplified flowchart illustrating a preferred operation of the target gene binding site detector 118 of FIG. 2.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the target gene binding site detector 118 first compares nucleotide sequences of each of the plurality of Dicer-cut sequences from hairpin structures 140 (FIG. 6A) to the potential target gene sequences 142 (FIG. 7A), such as 3′ side UTRs of known mRNAs, in order to find crude potential matches. This step may be performed using a simple alignment algorithm such as BLAST.

Then, the target gene binding site detector 118 filters these crude potential matches, to find closer matches, which more closely resemble published miRNA oligonucleotide binding sites.

Next, the target gene binding site detector 118 expands the nucleotide sequences of the 3′UTR binding site found by the sequence comparison algorithm (e.g. BLAST or EDIT DISTANCE). A determination is made whether any sub-sequence of the expanded sequence may improve the match. The best match is considered the alignment.

Free-energy and spatial structure are computed for the resulting binding sites. Calculation of spatial structure may be performed by a secondary structure folding algorithm based on free-energy minimization, such as the MFOLD algorithm described in Mathews et al. (J. Mol. Biol. 288: 911-940 (1999)) and Zuker (Nucleic Acids Res. 31: 3406-3415 (2003)), the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Free-energy, spatial structure and the above preferences are reflected in scoring. The resulting scores are compared with scores characteristic of known binding sites of published miRNA oligonucleotides, and each binding site is given a score that reflects its resemblance to these known binding sites.

Finally, the target gene binding site detector 118 analyzes the spatial structure of the binding site. Each 3′UTR-GAM oligonucleotide pair is given a score. Multiple binding sites of the same GAM oligonucleotides to a 3′UTR are given higher scores than those that bind only once to a 3′UTR.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, performance of the target gene binding site detector 118 may be improved by integrating several of the abovementioned logical steps, using the methodology described hereinbelow.

For each of the Dicer-cut sequence from hairpin structures 140, its starting segment, e.g. a segment comprising the first 8 nts from its 5′ end, is obtained. For each starting segment, all of the 9 nt segments that are highly complementary to the starting segment are calculated. These calculated segments are referred to here as “potential binding site end segments”. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, for each 8 nt starting segment, the potential binding site end segments are all 9 nt segments whose complementary sequence contains a 7-9 nt sub-sequence that is not different from the starting segment by more than an insertion, deletion or replacement of one nt. Calculation of potential binding site end segments is preferably performed by a pre-processing tool that maps all possible 8 nt segments to their respective 9 nt segments.

Next, the mRNAs 3′UTRs is parsed into all the segments, with the same length as the potential binding site end segments, preferably 9 nt segments, comprised in the 3′UTR. Location of each such segment is noted, stored in a performance-efficient data structure and compared to the potential binding site end segments calculated in the previous step.

The target gene binding site detector 118 then expands the binding site sequence, preferably in the binding site 5′ direction (i.e. immediately upstream), assessing the degree of its alignment to the Dicer-cut sequence from hairpin structures 140. Preferably, an alignment algorithm is implemented which uses specific weighting parameters based on an analysis of known miRNA oligonucleotide binding sites. As an example, it is apparent that a good match of the 3′ end of the binding site is critically important, a match of the 5′ end is less important but can compensate for a small number of mismatches at the 3′ end of the binding site, and a match of the middle portion of the binding site is much less important.

Next, the number of binding sites found in a specific 3′UTR, the degree of alignment of each of these binding sites, and their proximity to each other are assessed and compared to these properties found in known binding sites of published miRNA oligonucleotides. In a preferred embodiment, the fact that many of the known binding sites are clustered is used to evaluate the P value of obtaining a cluster of a few binding sites on the same target gene 3′UTR in the following way. It scans different score thresholds and calculates for each threshold the number and positions of possible binding sites with a score above the threshold. It then gets a P value for each threshold from a preprocessed calculated background matrix, described hereinbelow, and a number and positions of binding sites combination. The output score for each Dicer-cut sequences from hairpin structures 140 and potential target gene sequences 142 is the minimal P value, normalized with the number of threshold trails using a Bernoulli distribution. A preference of low P value pairs is made.

As mentioned hereinabove, for each target gene, a preprocessed calculated background matrix is built. The matrix includes rows for each number of miRNA oligonucleotide binding sites (in the preferred embodiment, the matrix includes 7 rows to accommodate 0 to 6 binding sites), and columns for each different score threshold (in the preferred embodiment, the matrix includes 5 columns for 5 different thresholds). Each matrix cell, corresponding to a specific number of binding sites and thresholds, is set to be the probability of getting equal or higher number binding sites and an equal or higher score using random 22 nt-long sequences with the same nucleotide distribution as known miRNA oligonucleotides (29.5% T, 24.5% A, 25% G and 21% C). Those probabilities are calculated by running the above procedure for 10000 random sequences that preserved the known miRNA nucleotide distribution (these sequence will be also referred to as miRNA oligonucleotide random sequences). The P value can be estimated as the number of random sequences that obeys the matrix cell requirement divided by the total number of random sequences (10000). In the preferred embodiment, 2 matrices are calculated. The P values of the second matrix are calculated under a constraint that at least two of the binding site positions are under a heuristically-determined constant value. The values of the second matrix are calculated without this constraint. The target gene binding site detector 118 uses the second matrix if the binding site positions agree with the constraint. Otherwise, it uses the first. In an alternative embodiment, only one matrix is calculated without any constraint on the binding sites positions.

A test performed using the target gene binding site detector 118 shows that all of the known miRNA oligonucleotide target genes are found using this algorithm with a P value of less than 0.5%. Running known miRNA oligonucleotides against 3400 potential 3′UTR of target gene sequences yields on average 32 target genes for each miRNA oligonucleotide with a P value less than 0.5%, while background sequences, as well as inverse or complement sequence of known miRNA oligonucleotide (which preserve their high order sequence statistics) found, as expected, 17 target genes on average. This result reflects that the algorithm has the ability to detect real target genes with 47% accuracy.

Finally, orthology data may optionally be used to further prefer binding sites based on their conservation. Preferably, this may be used in cases such as (a) where both the target mRNA and miRNA oligonucleotide have orthologues in another organism, e.g. Human-Mouse orthology, or (b) where a miRNA oligonucleotide (e.g. viral miRNA oligonucleotide) targets two mRNAs in orthologous organisms. In such cases, binding sites that are conserved are preferred.

In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention, binding sites may be searched by a reverse process. Sequences of K (preferably 22) nucleotides in a UTR of a target gene are assessed as potential binding sites. A sequence comparison algorithm, such as BLAST or EDIT DISTANCE variant, is then used to search elsewhere in the genome for partially or fully complementary sequences that are found in known miRNA oligonucleotides or computationally-predicted GAM oligonucleotides. Only complementary sequences that meet predetermined spatial structure and free-energy criteria as described hereinabove, are accepted. Clustered binding sites are strongly preferred and potential binding sites and potential GAM oligonucleotides that occur in evolutionarily-conserved genomic sequences are also preferred. Scoring of candidate binding sites takes into account free-energy and spatial structure of the binding site complexes, as well as the aforesaid preferences.

The 3′UTR of each bacterial gene is extracted from the 500 nts that lay downstream to the gene-coding region. Care is taken that the extracted 3′UTR is not partly covered by the predicted 5′UTR of the next gene-coding region, considered 300 nts upstream. This method is applied on known (not hypothetical) bacterial genes of completed pathogenic eubacterial genomes taken from the updated NCBI Ref_seq database on 17 Mar. 2004.

Reference is now made to FIG. 8, which is a simplified flowchart illustrating a preferred operation of the function & utility analyzer 120 described hereinabove with reference to FIG. 2. The goal of the function & utility analyzer 120 is to determine if a potential target gene is in fact a valid clinically useful target gene. Since a potential novel GAM oligonucleotide binding a binding site in the UTR of a target gene is understood to inhibit expression of that target gene, and if that target gene is shown to have a valid clinical utility, then in such a case it follows that the potential novel oligonucleotide itself also has a valid useful function which is the opposite of that of the target gene.

The function & utility analyzer 120 preferably receives as input a plurality of potential novel target genes having binding site/s 144 (FIG. 7A), generated by the target gene binding site detector 118 (FIG. 2). Each potential oligonucleotide is evaluated as follows: First, the system checks to see if the function of the potential target gene is scientifically well established. Preferably, this can be achieved bioinformatically by searching various published data sources presenting information on known function of proteins. Many such data sources exist and are published, as is well known in the art. Next, for those target genes the function of which is scientifically known and is well documented, the system then checks if scientific research data exists which links them to known diseases. For example, a preferred embodiment of the present invention utilizes the OMIM™ (Hamosh et al, 2002) database published by NCBI, which summarizes research publications relating to genes which have been shown to be associated with diseases. Finally, the specific possible utility of the target gene is evaluated. While this process too may be facilitated by bioinformatic means, it might require manual evaluation of published scientific research regarding the target gene, in order to determine the utility of the target gene to the diagnosis and or treatment of specific disease. Only potential novel oligonucleotides, the target genes of which have passed all three examinations, are accepted as novel oligonucleotide.

Reference is now made to FIG. 9, which is a simplified diagram describing each of a plurality of novel bioinformatically-detected regulatory polynucleotide referred to in this Table as the Genomic Record (GR) polynucleotide. GR encodes an operon-like cluster of novel miRNA-like oligonucleotides, each of which in turn modulates expression of at least one target gene. The function and utility of at least one target gene is known in the art.

The GR PRECURSOR is a novel, bioinformatically-detected, regulatory, non-protein-coding polynucleotide. The method by which the GR PRECURSOR is detected is described hereinabove with additional reference to FIGS. 1-9.

GR PRECURSOR is preferably encoded by the bacterial genome and contains a cluster of novel bacterial oligonucleotides, which preferably bind to human target genes or to bacterium genes. Alternatively or additionally, GR PRECURSOR is encoded by the human genome and contains a cluster of novel human oligonucleotides, which preferably bind to bacterial target genes or to human genes.

The GR PRECURSOR encodes GR PRECURSOR RNA that is typically several hundred to several thousand nts long. The GR PRECURSOR RNA folds spatially, forming the GR FOLDED PRECURSOR RNA. It is appreciated that the GR FOLDED PRECURSOR RNA comprises a plurality of what is known in the art as hairpin structures. Hairpin structures result from the presence of segments of the nucleotide sequence of GR PRECURSOR RNA in which the first half of each such segment has a nucleotide sequence which is at least a partial, and sometimes an accurate, reverse-complement sequence of the second half thereof, as is well known in the art.

The GR FOLDED PRECURSOR RNA is naturally processed by cellular enzymatic activity into a plurality of separate GAM precursor RNAs herein schematically represented by GAM1 FOLDED PRECURSOR RNA through GAM3 FOLDED PRECURSOR RNA. Each GAM folded precursor RNA is a hairpin-shaped RNA segment, corresponding to GAM FOLDED PRECURSOR RNA of FIG. 1.

The abovementioned GAM folded precursor RNAs are diced by DICER COMPLEX of FIG. 1, yielding short RNA segments of about 22 nts in length schematically represented by GAM1 RNA through GAM3 RNA. Each GAM RNA corresponds to GAM RNA of FIG. 1. GAM1 RNA, GAM2 RNA and GAM3 RNA each bind complementarily to binding sites located in the untranslated regions of their respective target genes, designated GAM1 TARGET RNA, GAM2 TARGET RNA and GAM3 TARGET RNA, respectively. These target binding sites correspond to BINDING SITE I, BINDING SITE II and BINDING SITE III of FIG. 1. The binding of each GAM RNA to its target RNA inhibits the translation of its respective target proteins, designated GAM1 TARGET PROTEIN, GAM2 TARGET PROTEIN and GAM3 TARGET PROTEIN, respectively.

It is appreciated that the specific functions, and accordingly the utilities, of the GR polynucleotide are correlated with and may be deduced from the identity of the target genes that are inhibited by GAM RNAs that are present in the operon-like cluster of the polynucleotide. Thus, for the GR polynucleotide, schematically represented by GAM1 TARGET PROTEIN through GAM3 TARGET PROTEIN that are inhibited by the GAM RNA. The function of these target genes is elaborated in Table 8, hereby incorporated herein.

Reference is now made to FIG. 10, which is a block diagram illustrating different utilities of oligonucleotide of the novel group of oligonucleotides of the present invention referred to here as GAM oligonucleotides and GR polynucleotides. The present invention discloses a first plurality of novel oligonucleotides referred to here as GAM oligonucleotides and a second plurality of operon-like polynucleotides referred to here as GR polynucleotides, each of the GR polynucleotide encoding a plurality of GAM oligonucleotides. The present invention further discloses a very large number of known target genes, which are bound by, and the expression of which is modulated by each of the novel oligonucleotides of the present invention. Published scientific data referenced by the present invention provides specific, substantial, and credible evidence that the abovementioned target genes modulated by novel oligonucleotides of the present invention, are associated with various diseases. Specific novel oligonucleotides of the present invention, target genes thereof and diseases associated therewith, are described hereinbelow with reference to Tables 1 through 12. It is therefore appreciated that a function of GAM oligonucleotides and GR polynucleotides of the present invention is modulation of expression of target genes related to known bacterial diseases, and that therefore utilities of novel oligonucleotides of the present invention include diagnosis and treatment of the abovementioned diseases.

FIG. 10 describes various types of diagnostic and therapeutic utilities of novel oligonucleotides of the present invention. A utility of novel oligonucleotide of the present invention is detection of GAM oligonucleotides and of GR polynucleotides. It is appreciated that since GAM oligonucleotides and GR polynucleotides modulate expression of disease related target genes, that detection of expression of GAM oligonucleotides in clinical scenarios associated with said bacterial diseases is a specific, substantial and credible utility. Diagnosis of novel oligonucleotides of the present invention may preferably be implemented by RNA expression detection techniques, including but not limited to biochips, as is well known in the art. Diagnosis of expression of oligonucleotides of the present invention may be useful for research purposes, in order to further understand the connection between the novel oligonucleotides of the present invention and the abovementioned related bacterial diseases, for disease diagnosis and prevention purposes, and for monitoring disease progress.

Another utility of novel oligonucleotides of the present invention is anti-GAM therapy, a mode of therapy which allows up regulation of a bacterial disease-related target gene of a novel GAM oligonucleotide of the present invention, by lowering levels of the novel GAM oligonucleotide which naturally inhibits expression of that target gene. This mode of therapy is particularly useful with respect to target genes which have been shown to be under-expressed in association with a specific bacterial disease. Anti-GAM therapy is further discussed hereinbelow with reference to FIGS. 11A and 11B.

A further utility of novel oligonucleotides of the present invention is GAM replacement therapy, a mode of therapy which achieves down regulation of a bacterial disease related target gene of a novel GAM oligonucleotide of the present invention, by raising levels of the GAM which naturally inhibits expression of that target gene. This mode of therapy is particularly useful with respect to target genes which have been shown to be over-expressed in association with a specific bacterial disease. GAM replacement therapy involves introduction of supplementary GAM products into a cell, or stimulation of a cell to produce excess GAM products. GAM replacement therapy may preferably be achieved by transfecting cells with an artificial DNA molecule encoding a GAM which causes the cells to produce the GAM product, as is well known in the art.

Yet a further utility of novel oligonucleotides of the present invention is modified GAM therapy. Disease conditions are likely to exist, in which a mutation in a binding site of a GAM RNA prevents natural GAM RNA to effectively bind inhibit a bacterial disease related target gene, causing up regulation of that target gene, and thereby contributing to the disease pathology. In such conditions, a modified GAM oligonucleotides is designed which effectively binds the mutated GAM binding site, i.e. is an effective anti-sense of the mutated GAM binding site, and is introduced in disease effected cells. Modified GAM therapy is preferably achieved by transfecting cells with an artificial DNA molecule encoding the modified GAM which causes the cells to produce the modified GAM product, as is well known in the art.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 11A and 11B, which are simplified diagrams which when taken together illustrate anti-GAM therapy mentioned hereinabove with reference to FIG. 10. A utility of novel GAMs of the present invention is anti-GAM therapy, a mode of therapy which allows up regulation of a bacterial disease-related target gene of a novel GAM of the present invention, by lowering levels of the novel GAM which naturally inhibits expression of that target gene. FIG. 11A shows a normal GAM inhibiting translation of a target gene by binding of GAM RNA to a BINDING SITE found in an untranslated region of GAM TARGET RNA, as described hereinabove with reference to FIG. 1.

FIG. 11B shows an example of anti-GAM therapy. ANTI-GAM RNA is short artificial RNA molecule the sequence of which is an anti-sense of GAM RNA. Anti-GAM treatment comprises transfecting diseased cells with ANTI-GAM RNA, or with a DNA encoding thereof. The ANTI-GAM RNA binds the natural GAM RNA, thereby preventing binding of natural GAM RNA to its BINDING SITE. This prevents natural translation inhibition of GAM TARGET RNA by GAM RNA, thereby up regulating expression of GAM TARGET PROTEIN.

It is appreciated that anti-GAM therapy is particularly useful with respect to target genes which have been shown to be under-expressed in association with a specific bacterial disease.

Furthermore, anti-GAM therapy is particularly useful, since it may be used in situations in which technologies known in the art as RNAi and siRNA can not be utilized. As in known in the art, RNAi and siRNA are technologies which offer means for artificially inhibiting expression of a target protein, by artificially designed short RNA segments which bind complementarily to mRNA of said target protein. However, RNAi and siRNA can not be used to directly up regulate translation of target proteins.

Reference is now made to FIG. 12A, which is a bar graph illustrating performance results of the hairpin detector 114 (FIG. 2) constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12A illustrates efficacy of several features used by the hairpin detector 114 to detect GAM FOLDED PRECURSOR RNAs (FIG. 1). The values of each of these features is compared between a set of published miRNA precursor oligonucleotides, represented by shaded bars, and a set of random hairpins folded from the human genome denoted hereinbelow as a hairpin background set, represented by white bars. The published miRNA precursor oligonucleotides set is taken from RFAM database, Release 2.1 and includes 148 miRNA oligonucleotides from H. Sapiens. The background set comprises a set of 10,000 hairpins folded from the human genome.

It is appreciated that the hairpin background set is expected to comprise some valid, previously undetected hairpin-shaped miRNA precursor-like GAM FOLDED PRECURSOR RNAs of the present invention, and many hairpin-shaped sequences that are not hairpin-shaped miRNA-like precursors.

For each feature, the bars depict the percent of known miRNA hairpin precursors (shaded bars) and the percent of background hairpins (white bars) that pass the threshold for that feature. The percent of known miRNA oligonucleotides that pass the threshold indicates the sensitivity of the feature, while the corresponding background percent implies the specificity of the feature, although not precisely, because the background set comprises both true and false examples.

The first bar pair, labeled Thermodynamic Stability Selection, depicts hairpins that have passed the selection of “families” of closely related hairpin structures, as described hereinabove with reference to FIG. 5B.

The second bar pair, labeled Hairpin Score, depicts hairpins that have been selected by hairpin detector 114 (FIG. 5B), regardless of the “families” selection.

The third bar pair, labeled Conserved, depicts hairpins that are conserved in human, mouse and rat, (UCSC Goldenpath™ HG16 database).

The fourth bar pair, labeled Expressed, depicts hairpins that are found in EST blocks.

The fifth bar pair, labeled Integrated Selection, depicts hairpin structures predicted by a preferred embodiment of the present invention to be valid GAM PRECURSORs. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a hairpin may be considered to be a GAM PRECURSOR if its hairpin detector score is above 0, and it is in one of the following groups: a) in an intron and conserved or b) in an intergenic region and conserved or c) in an intergenic region and expressed, as described below. Further filtering of GAM precursor may be obtained by selecting hairpins with a high score of Dicer-cut location detector 116 as described hereinabove with reference to FIGS. 6A-6C, and with predicted miRNA oligonucleotides, which pass the low complexity filter as described hereinabove, and whose targets are selected by the target gene binding site detector 118 as described hereinabove with reference to FIGS. 7A-7B.

It is appreciated that these results validate the sensitivity and specificity of the hairpin detector 114 (FIG. 2) in identifying novel GAM FOLDED PRECURSOR RNAs, and in effectively distinguishing them from the abundant hairpins found in the genome.

Reference is now made to FIG. 12B, which is a line graph illustrating accuracy of a Dicer-cut location detector 116 (FIG. 2) constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

To determine the accuracy of the Dicer-cut location detector 116, a stringent training and test set was chosen from the abovementioned set of 440 known miRNA oligonucleotides, such that no two miRNA oligonucleotides in the set are homologous. This was performed to get a lower bound on the accuracy and avoid effects of similar known miRNA oligonucleotides appearing in both the training and test sets. On this stringent set of size 204, mfold cross validation with k=3 was performed to determine the percent of known miRNA oligonucleotides in which the Dicer-cut location detector 116 described hereinabove predicted the correct miRNA oligonucleotide up to two nucleotides from the correct location. The accuracy of the TWO PHASED predictor is depicted in the graph. The accuracy of the first phase of the TWO PHASED predictor is depicted by the upper line, and that of both phases of the TWO PHASED predictor is depicted by the lower line. Both are binned by the predictor score, where the score is the score of the first stage.

It is appreciated that these results validate the accuracy of the Dicer-cut location detector 116.

Reference is now made to FIG. 12C, which is a bar graph illustrating the performance results of the target gene binding site detector 118 (FIG. 7A) constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12C illustrates specificity and sensitivity of the target gene binding site detector 118. The values presented are the result of testing 10000 artificial miRNA oligonucleotide sequences (random 22 nt sequences with the same base composition as published miRNA oligonucleotide sequence). Adjusting the threshold parameters to fulfill 90% sensitivity of validated, published miRNA-3′UTR pairs, requires the P VAL of potential target gene sequences-Dicer-cut sequences to be less than 0.01 and also the P VAL of potential target ortholog gene sequences-Dicer-cut sequences to be less than 0.05. The target gene binding site detector 118 can filter out 99.7% of potential miRNA/gene pairs, leaving only the 0.3% that contain the most promising potential miRNA/gene pairs. Limiting the condition for the P VAL of potential target ortholog gene sequences-Dicer-cut sequences to be less than 0.01 reduces the sensitivity ratio to 70% but filters out more then 50% of the remaining 0.3%, to a final ratio of less than 0.15%.

It is appreciated that these results validate the sensitivity and specificity of the target gene binding site detector 118.

Reference is now made to FIG. 13, which is a summary table of laboratory results validating the expression of 29 novel human GAM RNA oligonucleotides in HeLa cells or, alternatively, in liver or thymus tissues detected by the bioinformatic oligonucleotide detection engine 100 (FIG. 2).

As a positive control, we used a reference set of eight known human miRNA oligonucleotides: hsa-MIR-21; hsa-MIR-27b; hsa-MIR-186; hsa-MIR-93; hsa-MIR-26a; hsa-MIR-191; hsa-MIR-31; and hsa-MIR-92. All positive controls were successfully validated by sequencing.

The table of FIG. 13 lists all GAM RNA predictions whose expression was validated. The field “Primer Sequence” contains the “specific” part of the primer; the field “Sequenced sequence” represents the nucleotide sequence detected by cloning (excluding the hemispecific primer sequence); the field “Predicted GAM RNA” contains the GAM RNA predicted sequence; the field “Distance indicate the distance from Primer; the number of mismatches between the “specific” region of the primer and the corresponding part of the GAM RNA sequence; the field “GAM Name” contains GAM RNA PRECURSOR ID followed by “A” or “B”, which represents the GAM RNA position on the precursor as elaborated in the attached Tables.

A primer was designed such that its first half, the 5′ region, is complementary to the adaptor sequence and its second half, the 3′ region, anneals to the 5′ terminus of GAM RNA sequence, yielding a hemispecific primer (as elaborated hereinbelow in the Methods section). A sample of 13 predicted GAM RNA sequences was examined by PCR using hemispecific primers and a primer specific to the 3′ adaptor. PCR products were cloned into plasmid vectors and then sequenced. For all 13 predicted GAM RNA sequences, the GAM RNA sequence found in the hemispecific primer plus the sequence observed between the hemispecific primer and the 3′ adaptor was completely included in the expected GAM RNA sequence (rows 1-7, and 29). The rest are GAM RNA predictions that were verified by cloning and sequencing, yet, by using a primer that was originally designed for a slightly different prediction.

It is appreciated that failure to detect a predicted oligonucleotide in the lab does not necessarily indicate a mistaken bioinformatic prediction. Rather, it may be due to technical sensitivity limitation of the lab test, or because the predicted oligonucleotides are not expressed in the tissue examined, or at the development phase tested. The observed GAM RNAs may be strongly expressed in HeLa cells while the original GAM RNAs are expressed at low levels in HeLa cells or not expressed at all. Under such circumstances, primer sequences containing up to three mismatches from a specific GAM RNA sequence may amplify it. Thus, we also considered cases in which differences of up to 3 mismatches in the hemispecific primer occur.

The 3′ terminus of observed GAM RNA sequences is often truncated or extended by one or two nucleotides. Cloned sequences that were sequenced from both 5′ and 3′ termini have an asterisk appended to the row number.

Interestingly, the primer sequence followed by the observed cloned sequence is contained within five GAM RNA sequences of different lengths, and belong to 24 precursors derived from distinct loci (Row 29). Out of these, one precursor appears four times in the genome and its corresponding GAM Names are 351973-A, 352169-A, 352445-A and 358164-A.

The sequence presented in Row 29 is a representative of the group of five GAM RNAs. The full list of GAM RNA sequences and their corresponding precursors is as follows (each GAM RNA sequence is followed by the GAM Name): TCACTGCAACCTCCACCTCCCA (SEQ ID NO: 4254782) (352092, 352651, 355761), TCACTGCAACCTCCACCTCCCG (SEQ ID NO: 4254783) (351868, 352440, 351973, 352169, 352445, 358164, 353737, 352382, 352235, 352232, 352268, 351919, 352473, 352444, 353638, 353004, 352925, 352943), TCACTGCAACCTCCACCTCCTG (SEQ ID NO: 4254784) (358311), TCACTGCAACCTCCACCTTCAG (SEQ ID NO: 4254785) (353323), and TCACTGCAACCTCCACCTTCCG (SEQ ID NO: 4254786) (353856).

Method Section

Cell Lines

Three common human cell lines, obtained from Dr. Yonat Shemer at Soroka Medical Center, Be'er Sheva, Israel, were used for RNA extraction; Human Embryonic Kidney HEK-293 cells, Human Cervix Adenocarcinoma HeLa cells and Human Prostate Carcinoma PC3 cells.

RNA Purification

Several sources of RNA were used to prepare libraries:

Total HeLa S100 RNA was prepared from HeLa S100 cellular fraction (4 C Biotech, Belgium) through an SDS (1%)-Proteinase K (200 g/ml) 30 minute incubation at 37 C followed by an acid Phenol-Chloroform purification and isopropanol precipitation (Sambrook et al; Molecular Cloning-A Laboratory Manual).

Total HeLa, HEK-293 and PC3 cell RNA was prepared using the standard Tri-Reagent protocol (Sigma) according to the manufacturer's instructions, except that 1 volume of isopropanol was substituted with 3 volumes of ethanol.

Nuclear and Cytoplasmic RNA was prepared from HeLa or HEK-293 cells in the following manner:

Cell were washed and harvested in ice-cold PBS and precipitated in a swing-out rotor at 1200 rpm at 4 C for 5 minutes. Pellets were loosened by gentle vortexing. 4 ml of “NP40 lysis buffer” (10 mM Tris HCl, 5 mM MgCl2, 10 mM NaCl, 0.5% Nonidet P40, 1 mM Spermidine, 1 mM DTT, 140 U/ml rRnasine) was then added per 5*107 cells. Cells and lysis buffer were incubated for 5 minutes on ice and centrifuged in a swing-out rotor at 500×g at 4 C for 5 minutes. Supernatant, termed cytoplasm, is carefully removed to a tube containing SDS (1% final) and proteinase-K (200 g/ml final). Pellet, termed nuclear fraction, is re-washed and incubated with a similar amount of fresh lysis buffer. Lysis is monitored visually under a microscope at this stage, typically for 5 minutes. Nuclei are pelleted in a swing-out rotor at 500×g at 4 C for 5 minutes. Supernatant is pooled, incubated at 37 C for 30 minutes, Phenol/Chloroform-extracted, and RNA is alcohol-precipitated (Sambrook et al). Nuclei are loosened and then homogenized immediately in >10 volumes of Tri-Reagent (Sigma). Nuclear RNA is then prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Total Tissue RNA

Total tissue RNA was obtained from Ambion USA, and included Human Liver, Thymus, Placenta, Testes and Brain.

RNA Size Fractionation

RNA used for libraries was always size-fractionated. Fractionation was done by loading up to 500 microgram RNA per YM100 Amicon Microcon column (Millipore) followed by a 500×g centrifugation for 40 minutes at 4 C. Flow-through “YM100” RNA is about one quarter of the total RNA and was used for library preparation or fractionated further by loading onto a YM30 Amicon Microcon column (Millipore) followed by a 13,500×g centrifugation for 25 minutes at 4 C. Flow-through “YM30” was used for library preparation “as is” and consists of less than 0.5% of total RNA. Additional size fractionation was achieved during library preparation.

Library Preparation

Two types of cDNA libraries, designated “One-tailed” and “Ligation”, were prepared from the one of the abovementioned fractionated RNA samples. RNA was dephosphorylated and ligated to an RNA (designated with lowercase letters)-DNA (designated with UPPERCASE letters)hybrid 5′-phosphorylated, 3′idT blocked 3′-adapter (5′-P-uuuAACCGCATCCTTCTC-idT-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 4254787) Dharmacon #P-002045-01-05)(as elaborated in Elbashir et al., Genes Dev. 15:188-200 (2001)) resulting in ligation only of RNase III type cleavage products. 3′-Ligated RNA was excised and purified from a half 6%,half 13% polyacrylamide gel to remove excess adapter with a Nanosep 0.2 microM centrifugal device (Pall) according to instructions, and precipitated with glycogen and 3 volumes of ethanol. Pellet was resuspended in a minimal volume of water.

For the “Ligation” library, a DNA (UPPERCASE)-RNA (lowercase) hybrid 5′-adapter (5′-TACTAATACGACTCACTaaa-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 4254788) Dharmacon #P-002046-01-05)was ligated to the 3′-adapted RNA, reverse transcribed with “EcoRI-RT”:(5′-GACTA GCTGGAATTCAAGGATGCGGTTAAA-3′) (SEQ ID NO: 4254789), PCR-amplified with two external primers essentially as in Elbashir et al. (2001),except that primers were “EcoRI-RT” and “PstI Fwd”(5′-CAGCCAACGCTGCAGATACGACTCACTAAA-3′). (SEQ ID NO: 4254790) This PCR product was used as a template for a second round of PCR with one hemispecific and one external primer or with two hemispecific primers.

For the “One-tailed” library, the 3′-adapted RNA was annealed to 20 pmol primer “EcoRI RT”by heating to 70 C and cooling 0.1 C/sec to 30 C and then reverse-transcribed with Superscript II RT (according to manufacturer's instructions, Invitrogen) in a 20 microliters volume for 10 alternating 5 minute cycles of 37 C and 45 C. Subsequently, RNA was digested with 1 microliter 2M NaOH and 2mM EDTA at 65 C for 10 minutes. cDNA was loaded on a polyacrylamide gel, excised and gel-purified from excess primer as above (invisible, judged by primer run alongside) and resuspended in 13 microliters of water. Purified cDNA was then oligo-dC tailed with 400U of recombinant terminal transferase (Roche Molecular Biochemicals), 1 microliter 100 microM dCTP, 1 microliter 15mM CoC12,and 4 microliters reaction buffer, to a final volume of 20 microliters for 15 minutes at 37 C. Reaction was stopped with 2 microliters 0.2M EDTA and 15 microliters 3M NaOAc pH 5.2.Volume was adjusted to 150 microliters with water, Phenol: Bromochloropropane 10:1 extracted and subsequently precipitated with glycogen and 3 volumes of ethanol. C-tailed cDNA was used as a template for PCR with the external primers “T3-PstBsg(G/I)18”(5′-AATTAACCCTCACTAAAGGCTGCAGGTGCAGGIGGGIIGGGIIGG GIIGN-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 4254791) where I stands for Inosine and N for any of the 4 possible deoxynucleotides), and with “EcoRI Nested”(5′-GGAATTCAAGGATGCGGTTA-3′) (SEQ ID NO: 4254792). This PCR product was used as a template for a second round of PCR with one hemispecific and one external primer or with two hemispecific primers.

Primer Design and PCR

Hemispecific primers were constructed for each predicted GAM RNA oligonucleotide by an in-house program designed to choose about half of the 5′ or 3′ sequence of the GAM RNA corresponding to a TM of about 30 -34 C constrained by an optimized 3′ clamp, appended to the cloning adapter sequence (for “One-tailed” libraries, 5′-GGNNGGGNNG (SEQ ID NO: 4254793) on the 5′ end or TTTAACCGCATC-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 4254794) on the 3′ end of the GAM RNA; for “Ligation” libraries, the same 3′ adapter and 5′-CGACTCACTAAA (SEQ ID NO: 4254795) on the 5′ end of the GAM RNA). Consequently, a fully complementary primer of a TM higher than 60 C was created covering only one half of the GAM RNA sequence permitting the unbiased elucidation by sequencing of the other half.

For each primer, the following criteria were used: Primers were graded according to the TM of the primer half and the nucleotide content of 3 nucleotides of the 3′ clamp from worst to best, roughly: GGG-3′<CCC-3′<TTT-3′/AAA-3′<GG-3′<CC-3′<a TM lower than 30<a TM higher than 34<TT-3′/AA-3′<3G/C nucleotide combination <3 A/T nucleotide combination <any combination of two/three different nucleotides <any combination of three/three different nucleotides.

Validation PCR Product by Southern Blot

GAM RNA oligonucleotides were validated by hybridization of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-product Southern blots with a probe to the predicted GAM RNA.

PCR product sequences were confirmed by Southern blot (Southern E. M., Biotechnology 1992, 24:122-139 (1975)) and hybridization with DNA oligonucleotide probes synthesized as complementary (antisense) to predicted GAM RNA oligonucleotides. Gels were transferred onto a Biodyne PLUS 0.45 m (Pall) positively charged nylon membrane and UV cross-linked. Hybridization was performed overnight with DIG-labeled probes at 42 C in DIG Easy-Hyb buffer (Roche). Membranes were washed twice with 2×SSC and 0.1% SDS for 10 minutes at 42 C and then washed twice with 0.5×SSC and 0.1% SDS for 5 min at 42 C. The membrane was then developed by using a DIG luminescent detection kit (Roche) using anti-DIG and CSPD reaction, according to the manufacturer's protocol. All probes were prepared according to the manufacturer's (Roche Molecular Biochemicals) protocols: Digoxigenin (DIG) labeled antisense transcripts were prepared from purified PCR products using a DIG RNA labeling kit with T3 RNA polymerase. DIG-labeled PCR was prepared by using a DIG PCR labeling kit. 3′-DIG-tailed oligo ssDNA anti-sense probes, containing DIG-dUTP and dATP at an average tail length of 50 nts were prepared from 100 pmole oligonucleotides with the DIG Oligonucleotide Labeling Kit. Control reactions contained all of the components of the test reaction except library template.

Validation of PCR Product by Nested PCR on the Ligation

To further validate predicted GAM PCR product sequence derived from hemi-primers, a PCR-based diagnostic technique was devised to amplify only those products containing at least two additional nucleotides of the non hemi-primer defined part of the predicted GAM RNA oligonucleotide. In essence, a diagnostic primer was designed so that its 3′ end, which is the specificity determining side, was identical to the desired GAM RNA oligonucleotide, 2-10 nts (typically 4-7, chosen for maximum specificity) further into its 3′ end than the nucleotide stretch primed by the hemi-primer. The hemi-primer PCR product was first ligated into a T-cloning vector (pTZ57/T or pGEM-T) as described hereinabove. The ligation reaction mixture was used as template for the diagnostic PCR under strict annealing conditions with the new diagnostic primer in conjunction with a general plasmid-homologous primer, resulting in a distinct ˜200 base-pair product. This PCR product can be directly sequenced, permitting the elucidation of the remaining nucleotides up to the 3′ of the mature GAM RNA oligonucleotide adjacent to the 3′ adapter. Alternatively, following analysis of the diagnostic PCR reaction on an agarose gel, positive ligation reactions (containing a band of the expected size) were transformed into E. coli. Using this same diagnostic technique and as an alternative to screening by Southern blot colony hybridization, transformed bacterial colonies were screened by colony-PCR (Gussow, D. and Clackson, T, Nucleic Acids Res. 17:4000 (1989)) with the nested primer and the vector primer, prior to plasmid purification and sequencing.

Validation of PCR Product by Cloning and Sequencing

PCR products were inserted into pGEM-T (Promega) or pTZ57/T (MBI Fermentas), heat-shock transformed into competent JM109 E. coli (Promega) and seeded on LB-Ampicilin plates with IPTG and Xgal. White and light blue colonies were transferred to duplicate gridded plates, one of which was blotted onto a membrane (Biodyne Plus, Pall) for hybridization with DIG tailed oligo probes (according to instructions, Roche) complementary to the expected GAM. Plasmid DNA from positive colonies was sequenced.

It is appreciated that the results summarize in FIG. 13 validate the efficacy of the bioinformatic oligonucleotide detection engine 100 of the present invention.

Reference is now made to FIG. 14A, which is a schematic representation of a novel human GR polynucleotide, located on chromosome 9, comprising 2 known human miRNA oligonucleotides—MIR24 and MIR23, and 2 novel GAM oligonucleotides, herein designated GAM7617 and GAM252 (later discovered by other researchers as hsa-mir-27b), all marked by solid black boxes. FIG. 14A also schematically illustrates 6 non-GAM hairpin sequences, and one non-hairpin sequence, all marked by white boxes, and serving as negative controls. By “non-GAM hairpin sequences” is meant sequences of a similar length to known miRNA precursor sequences, which form hairpin secondary folding pattern similar to miRNA precursor hairpins, and yet which are assessed by the bioinformatic oligonucleotide detection engine 100 not to be valid GAM PRECURSOR hairpins. It is appreciated that FIG. 14A is a simplified schematic representation, reflecting only the order in which the segments of interest appear relative to one another, and not a proportional distance between the segments.

Reference is now made to FIG. 14B, which is a schematic representation of secondary folding of each of the MIRs and GAMs of the GR MIR24, MIR23, GAM7617 and GAM252, and of the negative control non-GAM hairpins, herein designated N2, N3, N252, N4, N6 and N7. N0 is a non-hairpin control, of a similar length to that of known miRNA precursor hairpins. It is appreciated that the negative controls are situated adjacent to and in between real miRNA oligonucleotides and GAM predicted oligonucleotides and demonstrates similar secondary folding patterns to that of known MIRs and GAMs.

Reference is now made to FIG. 14C, which is a picture of laboratory results of a PCR test upon a YM100 size-fractionated “ligation” library, utilizing a set of specific primer pairs located directly inside the boundaries of the hairpins. Due to the nature of the library the only PCR amplifiable products can result from RNaseIII type enzyme cleaved RNA, as expected for legitimate hairpin precursors presumed to be produced by DROSHA (Lee et al, Nature 425 415-419, 2003). FIG. 14C demonstrates expression of hairpin precursors of known miRNA oligonucleotides hsa-mir23 and hsa-mir24, and of novel bioinformatically-detected GAM7617 and GAM252 hairpins predicted bioinformatically by a system constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14C also shows that none of the 7 controls (6 hairpins designated N2, N3, N23, N4, N6 and N7 and 1 non-hairpin sequence designated N0) were expressed. N252 is a negative control sequence partially overlapping GAM252.

In the picture, test lanes including template are designated “+” and the control lane is designated “−”. The control reaction contained all the components of the test reaction except library template. It is appreciated that for each of the tested hairpins, a clear PCR band appears in the test (“+”) lane, but not in the control (“−”) lane.

FIGS. 14A through 14C, when taken together validate the efficacy of the bioinformatic oligonucleotide detection engine in: (a) detecting known miRNA oligonucleotides; (b) detecting novel GAM PRECURSOR hairpins which are found adjacent to these miRNA oligonucleotides, and which despite exhaustive prior biological efforts and bioinformatic detection efforts, went undetected; (c) discerning between GAM (or MIR) PRECURSOR hairpins, and non-GAM hairpins.

It is appreciated that the ability to discern GAM-hairpins from non-GAM-hairpins is very significant in detecting GAM oligonucleotides since hairpins are highly abundant in the genome. Other miRNA prediction programs have not been able to address this challenge successfully.

Reference is now made to FIG. 15A, which is an annotated sequence of an EST comprising a novel GAM oligonucleotides detected by the oligonucleotide detection system of the present invention. FIG. 15A shows the nucleotide sequence of a known human non-protein-coding EST (Expressed Sequence Tag), identified as EST72223. The EST72223 clone obtained from TIGR database (Kirkness and Kerlavage, 1997) was sequenced to yield the above 705 bp transcript with a polyadenyl tail. It is appreciated that the sequence of this EST comprises sequences of one known miRNA oligonucleotide, identified as hsa-MIR98, and of one novel GAM oligonucleotide referred to here as GAM25, detected by the bioinformatic oligonucleotide detection engine 100 (FIG. 2) of the present invention.

The sequences of the precursors of the known MIR98 and of the predicted GAM25 precursors are marked in bold, the sequences of the established miRNA 98 and of the predicted miRNA-like oligonucleotide GAM25 are underlined.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 15B, 15C and 15D, which are pictures of laboratory results, which when taken together demonstrate laboratory confirmation of expression of the bioinformatically-detected novel oligonucleotide of FIG. 15A. In two parallel experiments, an enzymatically synthesized capped, EST72223 RNA transcript, was incubated with Hela S100 lysate for 0 minutes, 4 hours and 24 hours. RNA was subsequently harvested, run on a denaturing polyacrylamide gel, and reacted with either a 102 nt antisense MIR98 probe or a 145 nt antisenseGAM25 precursor transcript probe respectively. The Northern blot results of these experiments demonstrated processing of EST72223 RNA by Hela lysate (lanes 2-4, in FIGS. 15B and 15C), into ˜80 bp and ˜22 bp segments, which reacted with the MIR98 precursor probe (FIG. 15B), and into ˜100 bp and ˜24 bp segments, which reacted with the GAM25 precursor probe (FIG. 15C). These results demonstrate the processing of EST72223 by Hela lysate into MIR98 precursor and GAM25 precursor. It is also appreciated from FIG. 15C (lane 1) that Hela lysate itself reacted with the GAM25 precursor probe, in a number of bands, including a ˜100 bp band, indicating that GAM25-precursor is endogenously expressed in Hela cells. The presence of additional bands, higher than 100 bp in lanes 5-9 probably corresponds to the presence of nucleotide sequences in Hela lysate, which contain the GAM25 sequence.

In addition, in order to demonstrate the kinetics and specificity of the processing of MIR98 and GAM25 precursors into their respective mature, “diced” segments, transcripts of MIR98 and of the bioinformatically predicted GAM25 precursors were similarly incubated with Hela S100 lysate, for 0 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour and 24 hours, and for 24 hours with the addition of EDTA, added to inhibit Dicer activity, following which RNA was harvested, run on a polyacrylamide gel and reacted with MIR98 and GAM25 precursor probes. Capped transcripts were prepared for in vitro RNA cleavage assays with T7 RNA polymerase, including a m7G (5′) ppp (5′) G-capping reaction using the T7-mMessage mMachine kit (Ambion). Purified PCR products were used as template for the reaction. These were amplified for each assay with specific primers containing a T7 promoter at the 5′ end and a T3 RNA polymerase promoter at the 3′ end. Capped RNA transcripts were incubated at 30 C in supplemented, dialysis concentrated, Hela S100 cytoplasmic extract (4C Biotech, Seneffe, Belgium). The Hela S100 was supplemented by dialysis to a final concentration of 20 mM Hepes, 100 mM KCl, 2.5 mM MgCl2, 0.5 mM DTT, 20% glycerol and protease inhibitor cocktail tablets (Complete mini Roche Molecular Biochemicals). After addition of all components, final concentrations were 100 mM capped target RNA, 2 mM ATP, 0.2 mM GTP, 500 U/ml RNasin, 25 microgram/ml creatine kinase, 25 mM creatine phosphate, 2.5 mM DTT and 50% S100 extract. Proteinase K, used to enhance Dicer activity (Zhang et al., EMBO J. 21, 5875-5885 (2002)) was dissolved in 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8, 5 mM CaCl2, and 50% glycerol, was added to a final concentration of 0.6 mg/ml. Cleavage reactions were stopped by the addition of 8 volumes of proteinase K buffer 200 Mm Tris-Hcl, pH 7.5, 25 m M EDTA, 300 mM NaCl, and 2% SDS) and incubated at 65 C for 15 min at different time points (0, 0.5, 1, 4, 24 h) and subjected to phenol/chloroform extraction. Pellets were dissolved in water and kept frozen. Samples were analyzed on a segmented half 6%, half 13% polyacrylamide 1XTBE-7M Urea gel.

The Northern blot results of these experiments demonstrated an accumulation of a ˜22 bp segment which reacted with the MIR98 precursor probe, and of a ˜24 bp segment which reacted with the GAM25 precursor probe, over time (lanes 5-8). Absence of these segments when incubated with EDTA (lane 9), which is known to inhibit Dicer enzyme (Zhang et al., 2002), supports the notion that the processing of MIR98 and GAM25 precursors into their “diced” segments is mediated by Dicer enzyme, found in Hela lysate. Other RNases do not utilize divalent cations and are thus not inhibited by EDTA. The molecular sizes of EST72223, MIR-98 and GAM25 and their corresponding precursors are indicated by arrows.

FIG. 15D present Northern blot results of same above experiments with GAM25 probe (24 nt). The results clearly demonstrated the accumulation of mature GAM25 oligonucleotide after 24 h.

To validate the identity of the band shown by the lower arrow in FIGS. 15C and 15D, a RNA band parallel to a marker of 24 base was excised from the gel and cloned as in Elbashir et al (2001) and sequenced. Ninety clones corresponded to the sequence of mature GAM25 oligonucleotide, three corresponded to GAM25* (the opposite arm of the hairpin with a 1-3 nt 3′ overhang) and two to the hairpin-loop.

GAM25 was also validated endogenously by sequencing from both sides from a HeLa YM100 total-RNA “ligation” libraries, utilizing hemispecific primers as described in FIG. 13.

Taken together, these results validate the presence and processing of a novel miRNA-like oligonucleotide, GAM25, which was predicted bioinformatically. The processing of this novel GAM oligonucleotide product, by Hela lysate from EST72223, through its precursor, to its final form was similar to that observed for known miRNA oligonucleotide, MIR98.

Transcript products were 705 nt (EST72223),102 nt (MIR98 precursor), 125 nt (GAM25 precursor)long. EST72223 was PCR-amplified with T7-EST 72223 forward primer: 5′-TAATACGACTC ACTATAGGCCCTTATTAGAGGATTCTGCT-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 4254796) and T3-EST72223 reverse primer: “-AATTAACCCTCACTAAAGGTTTTTTTTTCCTGAGACAGAGT-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 4254797). MIR98 was PCR-amplified using EST72223 as a template with T7MIR98 forward primer: 5′-TAATACGACTCACTATAGGGTGAGGTAGTAAGTTGTATTGTT -3′ (SEQ ID NO: 4254798) and T3MIR98 reverse primer: 5′-AATTAACCCTCACTAAAGGGAAAGTAGTAAGTTGTATA GTT-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 4254799). GAM25 was PCR-amplified using EST72223 as a template with GAM25 forward primer:

5′-AGGCAGGAGAATTGCTTGA-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 4254800) and T3-EST72223 reverse primer: 5′-AATTAACCCTCACTAAAGGCC TGAGACAGAGTCTTGCTC- 3′ (SEQ ID NO: 4254801).

It is appreciated that the data presented in FIGS. 15A, 15B, 15C and 15D when taken together validate the function of the bioinformatic oligonucleotide detection engine 100 of FIG. 2. FIG. 15A shows a novel GAM oligonucleotide bioinformatically-detected by the bioinformatic oligonucleotide detection engine 100, and FIGS. 15C and 15D show laboratory confirmation of the expression of this novel oligonucleotide. This is in accord with the engine training and validation methodology described hereinabove with reference to FIG. 2.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 16A-C, which schematically represent three methods that are employed to identify GAM FOLDED PRECURSOR RNA from libraries. Each method involves the design of specific primers for PCR amplification followed by sequencing. The libraries include hairpins as double-stranded DNA with two different adaptors ligated to their 5′ and 3′ ends.

Reference is now made to FIG. 16A, which depicts a first method that uses primers designed to the stems of the hairpins. Since the stem of the hairpins often has bulges, mismatches, as well as G-T pairing, which is less significant in DNA than is G-U pairing in the original RNA hairpin, the primer pairs were engineered to have the lowest possible match to the other strand of the stem. Thus, the F-Stem primer, derived from the 5′ stem region of the hairpin, was chosen to have minimal match to the 3′ stem region of the same hairpin. Similarly, the R-stem primer, derived from the 3′ region of the hairpin (reverse complementary to its sequence), was chosen to have minimal match to the 5′ stem region of the same hairpin. The F-Stem primer was extended in its 5′ sequence with the T3 primer (5′-ATTAACCCTCACTAAAGGGA-3′) (SEQ ID NO: 4254802) and the R-Stem primer was extended in its 5′ sequence with the T7 primer (5′-TAATACGACTCACTATAGGG) (SEQ ID NO: 4254803).The extension is needed to obtain a large enough fragment for direct sequencing of the PCR product. Sequence data from the amplified hairpins is obtained in two ways. One way is the direct sequencing of the PCR products using the T3 primer that matches the extension of the F-Stem primer. Another way is the cloning of the PCR products into a plasmid, followed by PCR screening of individual bacterial colonies using a primer specific to the plasmid vector and either the R-Loop (FIG. 16B) or the F-Loop (FIG. 16C) primer. Positive PCR products are then sent for direct sequencing using the vector-specific primer.

Reference is now made to FIG. 16B, which depicts a second method in which R-Stem primer and R-Loop primers are used in a nested-PCR approach. First, PCR is performed with the R-Stem primer and the primer that matches the 5′ adaptor sequence (5-ad primer). PCR products are then amplified in a second PCR using the R-Loop and 5-ad primers. As mentioned hereinabove, sequence data from the amplified hairpins is obtained in two ways. One way is the direct sequencing of the PCR products using the 5-ad primer. Another way is the cloning of the PCR products into a plasmid, followed by PCR screening of individual bacterial colonies using a primer specific to the plasmid vector and F-Stem primer. Positive PCR products are then sent for direct sequencing using the vector-specific primer. It should be noted that optionally an extended R-Loop primer is designed that includes a T7 sequence extension, as described hereinabove (FIG. 16A) for the R-Stem primer. This is important in the first sequencing option in cases where the PCR product is too short for sequencing.

Reference is now made to FIG. 16C, which depicts a third method, which is the exact reverse of the second method described hereinabove (FIG. 16B). F-Stem and F-Loop primers are used in a nested-PCR approach. First, PCR is performed with the F-Stem primer and the primer that matches the 3′ adaptor sequence (3-ad primer). PCR products are then amplified in a second PCR using the F-Loop and 3-ad primers. As in the other two methods, sequence data from the amplified hairpins is obtained in two ways. One way is the direct sequencing of the PCR products using the F-Loop primer. Another way is the cloning of the PCR products into a plasmid, followed by PCR screening of individual bacterial colonies using a primer specific to the plasmid vector and R-Stem primer. Positive PCR products are then sent for direct sequencing using the vector-specific primer. It should be noted that optionally an extended F-Loop primer is designed that includes a T3 sequence extension, as described hereinabove (FIG. 16A) for the F-Stem primer. This is important in the first sequencing option in cases where the PCR product is too short for sequencing and also in order to enable the use of T3 primer.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the three methods mentioned hereinabove may be employed to validate the expression of GAM FOLDED PRECURSOR RNA.

Reference is now made to FIG. 17A, which is a flow chart with a general description of the design of the microarray to identify expression of published miRNA oligonucleotides, and of novel GAM oligonucleotides of the present invention.

A microarray that identifies miRNA oligonucleotides is designed (FIG. 17B). The DNA microarray is prepared by Agilent according to their SurePrint Procedure (reference describing their technology can be obtained from the Agilent website, http://www.agilent.com). In this procedure, the oligonucleotide probes are synthesized on the glass surface. Other methods can also be used to prepare such microarray including the printing of pre-synthesized oligonucleotides on glass surface or using the photolithography method developed by Affymetrix (Lockhart D J et al., Nat Biotechnol. 14:1675-1680 (1996)). The 60-mer sequences from the design are synthesized on the DNA microarray. The oligonucleotides on the microarray, termed “probes” are of the exact sequence as the designed 60-mer sequences. Importantly, the 60-mer sequences and the probes are in the sense orientation with regards to the miRNA oligonucleotides. Next, a cDNA library is created from size-fractionated RNA, amplified, and converted back to RNA (FIG. 17C). The resulting RNA is termed “cRNA”. The conversion to RNA is done using a T7 RNA polymerase promoter found on the 3′ adaptor (FIG. 17C; T7 Ncol-RNA-DNA 3′Adaptor). Since the conversion to cRNA is done in the reverse direction compared to the orientation of the miRNA oligonucleotides, the cRNA is reverse complementary to the probes and is able to hybridize to it. This amplified RNA is hybridized with the microarray that identifies miRNA oligonucleotides, and the results are analyzed to indicate the relative level of miRNA oligonucleotides (and hairpins) that are present in the total RNA of the tissue (FIG. 18).

Reference is now made to FIG. 17B, which describes how the microarray to identify miRNA oligonucleotides is designed. miRNA oligonucleotide sequences or potential predicted miRNA oligonucleotides are generated by using known or predicted hairpins as input. Overlapping potential miRNA oligonucleotides are combined to form one larger sub-sequence within a hairpin.

To generate non-expressed sequences (tails), artificial sequences are generated that are 40 nts in length, which do not appear in the respective organism genome, do not have greater than 40% homology to sequences that appear in the genome, and with no 15-nucleotide window that has greater than 80% homology to sequences that appear in the genome.

To generate probe sequences, the most probable miRNA oligonucleotide sequences are placed at position 3 (from the 5′ end) of the probe. Then, a tail sub-sequence to the miRNA oligonucleotide sequence was attached such that the combined sequence length will meet the required probe length (60 nts for Agilent microarrays).

The tails method provides better specificity compared to the triplet method. In the triplet method, it cannot be ascertained that the design sequence, and not an uncontrolled window from the triplet probe sequence, was responsible for hybridizing to the probe. Further, the tails method allows the use of different lengths for the potential predicted miRNA oligonucleotide (of combined, overlapping miRNA oligonucleotides).

Hundreds of control probes were examined in order to ensure the specificity of the microarray. Negative controls contain probes which should have low intensity signal. For other control groups, the concentration of certain specific groups of interest in the library are monitored. Negative controls include tail sequences and non-hairpin sequences. Other controls include mRNA for coding genes, tRNA, and snoRNA.

For each probe that represents known or predicted miRNA oligonucleotides, additional mismatch probes were assigned in order to verify that the probe intensity is due to perfect match (or as close as possible to a perfect match) binding between the target miRNA oligonucleotide cRNA and its respective complementary sequence on the probe. Mismatches are generated by changing nucleotides in different positions on the probe with their respective complementary nucleotides (A<->T, G<->C, and vice versa). Mismatches in the tail region should not generate a significant change in the intensity of the probe signal, while mismatches in the miRNA oligonucleotide sequences should induce a drastic decrease in the probe intensity signal. Mismatches at various positions within the miRNA oligonucleotide sequence enable us to detect whether the binding of the probe is a result of perfect match or, alternatively, nearly perfect match binding.

Based on the above scheme, we designed a DNA microarray prepared by Agilent using their SurePrint technology. Table 11 is a detailed list of microarray chip probes

Known miRNA Oligonucleotides:

The miRNA oligonucleotides and their respective precursor sequences are taken from Sanger Database to yield a total of 186 distinct miRNA oligonucleotide and precursor pairs. The following different probes are constructed:

1. Single miRNA Oligonucleotide Probes:

From each precursor, 26-mer containing the miRNA oligonucleotide were taken, then assigned 3 probes for each extended miRNA oligonucleotide sequence: 1. the 26-mer are at the 5′ of the 60-mer probe, 2. the 26-mer are at the 3′ of the 60-mer probe, 3. the 26-mer are in the middle of the 60-mer probe. Two different 34-mer subsequences from the design tails are attached to the 26-mer to accomplish 60-mer probe. For a subset of 32 of Single miRNA oligonucleotide probes, six additional mismatches mutations probes were designed:

4 block mismatches at 5′ end of the miRNA oligonucleotide;

6 block mismatches at 3′ end of the miRNA oligonucleotide;

1 mismatch at position 10 of the miRNA oligonucleotide;

2 mismatches at positions 8 and 17 of the miRNA oligonucleotide;

3 mismatches at positions 6, 12 and 18 of the miRNA oligonucleotide; and

6 mismatches at different positions out of the miRNA oligonucleotide.

2. Duplex miRNA Oligonucleotide Probes:

From each precursor, a 30-mer containing the miRNA oligonucleotide was taken, then duplicated to obtain 60-mer probe. For a subset of 32 of probes, three additional mismatch mutation probes were designed:

2 mismatches on the first miRNA oligonucleotide;

2 mismatches on the second miRNA oligonucleotide; and

2 mismatches on each of the miRNA oligonucleotides.

3. Triplet miRNA Oligonucleotide Probes:

Following Krichevsky's work (Krichevsky et al., RNA 9:1274-1281 (2003)), head to tail ˜22-mer length miRNA oligonucleotide sequences were attached to obtain 60-mer probes containing up to three repeats of the same miRNA oligonucleotide sequence. For a subset of 32 probes, three additional mismatch mutation probes were designed:

2 mismatches on the first miRNA oligonucleotide;

2 mismatches on the second miRNA oligonucleotide; and

2 mismatches on each of the miRNA oligonucleotides.

4. Precursor with miRNA Oligonucleotide Probes:

For each precursor, 60-mer containing the miRNA oligonucleotide were taken.

5. Precursor without miRNA Oligonucleotide Probes:

For each precursor, a 60-mer containing no more then 16-mer of the miRNA oligonucleotide was taken. For a subset of 32 probes, additional mismatch probes containing four mismatches were designed.

Control Groups:

1. 100 60-mer sequences from representative ribosomal RNAs.

2. 85 60-mer sequences from representatives tRNAs.

3. 19 60-mer sequences from representative snoRNA.

4. 294 random 26-mer sequences from human genome not contained in published or predicted precursor sequences, placing them at the probe's 5′ and attached 34-mer tail described above.

5. Negative Control: 182 different 60-mer probes contained different combinations of 10 nt-long sequences, in which each 10 nt-long sequence is very rare in the human genome, and the 60-mer combination is extremely rare.

Predicted GAM RNAs:

There are 8642 pairs of predicted GAM RNA and their respective precursors. From each precursor, a 26-mer containing the GAM RNA was placed at the 5′ of the 60-mer probe and a 34-mer tail was attached to it. For each predicted probe, a mutation probes with 2 mismatches at positions 10 and 15 of the GAM RNA were added.

For a subset of 661 predicted precursors, up to 2 probes each containing one side of the precursor including any possible GAM RNA in it were added.

Microarray Analysis:

Based on known miRNA oligonucleotide probes, a preferred position of the miRNA oligonucleotide on the probe was evaluated, and hybridization conditions adjusted and the amount of cRNA to optimize microarray sensitivity and specificity ascertained. Negative controls are used to calculate background signal mean and standard deviation. Different probes of the same miRNA oligonucleotide are used to calculate signal standard deviation as a function of the signal.

For each probe, BG_Z_Score=(log(probe signal)−mean of log(negative control signal))/(log(negative control signal) standard deviation) were calculated.

For a probe with a reference probe with 2 mismatches on the miRNA oligonucleotide, MM_Z_Score MM_Z_Score=(log(perfect match signal)−log(reference mismatch signal))/(standard deviation of log(signals) as the reference mismatch log(signal)) were calculated.

BG_Z_Score and MM_Z_Score are used to decide whether the probe is on and its reliability.

Reference is now made to FIG. 17C, which is a flowchart describing how the cDNA library was prepared from RNA and amplified. The general procedure was performed as described previously (Elbashir S M, Lendeckel W, Tuschl T. RNA interference is mediated by 21- and 22-nucleotide RNAs. Genes Dev. 2001 15:188-200) with several modifications, which will be described hereinbelow.

First, the starting material is prepared. Instead of starting with standard total RNA, the total RNA was size-fractionated using an YM-100 Microcon column (Millipore Corporation, Billerica, Mass., USA) in the present protocol. Further, the present protocol uses human tissue or cell lines instead of a Drosophila in vitro system as starting materials. Finally, 3 micrograms of size-fractionated total RNA was used for the ligation of adaptor sequences.

Libraries used for microarray hybridization are listed hereinbelow: “A” library is composed of a mix of libraries from Total HeLa YM100 RNA and Nuclear HeLa YM100 RNA; “B” library is composed of a mix of libraries from Total HEK293 YM100 RNA and Nuclear HEK293 YM100 RNA; “C” library is composed of a mix of YM100 RNA libraries from Total PC3, Nuclear PC3 and from PC3 cells in which Dicer expression was transiently silenced by Dicer specific siRNA; “D” library is prepared from YM100 RNA from Total Human Brain (Ambion Cat#7962); “E” library is prepared from YM100 RNA from Total Human Liver (Ambion Cat#7960); “F” library is prepared from YM100 RNA from Total Human Thymus (Ambion Cat#7964); “G” library is prepared from YM100 RNA from Total Human Testis (Ambion Cat#7972); and “H” library is prepared from YM100 RNA from Total Human Placenta (Ambion Cat#7950).

Library letters appended by a numeral “1” or “2” are digested by XbaI (NEB); Library letters affixed by a numeral “3” are digested by Xba1 and Spel (NEB); Library letters appended by a numeral “4” are digested by Xba1 and the transcribed cRNA is then size-fractionated by YM30, retaining the upper fraction consisting of 60 nts and longer; Library letters affixed by a numeral “5” are digested by Xba1 and the transcribed cRNA is then size-fractionated by YM30 retaining the flow-through fraction consequently concentrated with YM10 consisting of 30 nts-60 nts; Library letters affixed by a numeral “6” are digested by Xba1 and the DNA is fractionated on a 13% native acrylamide gel from 40-60 nt, electroeluted on a GeBaFlex Maxi column (GeBa Israel), and lyophilized; Library letters affixed by a numeral “7” are digested by Xba1 and the DNA is fractionated on a 13% native acrylamide gel from 80-160 nt, electroeluted and lyophilized.

Next, unique RNA-DNA hybrid adaptor sequences with a T7 promoter were designed. This step is also different than other protocols that create libraries for microarrays. Most protocols use complements to the polyA tails of mRNA with a T7 promoter to amplify only mRNA. However, in the present invention, adaptors are used to amplify all of the RNA within the size-fractionated starting material. The adaptor sequences are ligated to the size-fractionated RNA as described in FIG. 13, with subsequent gel-fractionation steps. The RNA is then converted to first strand cDNA using reverse transcription.

Next, the cDNA is amplified using PCR with adaptor-specific primers. At this point, there is the optional step of removing the tRNA, which is likely to be present because of its low molecular weight, but may add background noise in the present experiments. All tRNA contain the sequence ACC at their 3′ end, and the adaptor contains GGT at its 5′ end. This sequence together (GGTACC) is the target site for Ncol restriction digestion. Thus, adding the restriction enzyme Ncol either before or during PCR amplification will effectively prevent the exponential amplification of the cDNA sequences that are complements of the tRNAs.

The amplified DNA is restriction enzyme-digested with Xba1 (and, optionally, with Pst or Spel) to remove the majority of the adaptor sequences that were initially added to the RNA. Using the first set of RNA-DNA hybrid adaptors listed below, the first two sets of primers listed below, and Xba1 restriction digest yields the following cRNA products: 5′GGCCA-PRE/miRNA-UAUCUAG, where PRE is defined as GAM PRECURSOR (palindrome). Using the second set of RNA-DNA hybrid adaptors listed below, the second set of primers listed below, and Xba1 and Pst restriction digest yields the following, smaller cRNA products: 5′GG-PRE/miRNA-C*.

Then, cDNA is transcribed to cRNA utilizing an RNA polymerase e.g. T7 dictated by the promoter incorporated in the adaptor. cRNA may be labeled in the course of transcription with aminoallyl or fluorescent nucleotides such as Cy3- or Cy5-UTP and CTP among other labels, and cRNA sequences thus transcribed and labeled are hybridized with the microarray.

The following RNA-DNA hybrid adaptors are included in the present invention:

Name: T7 Ncol-RNA-DNA 3′Adapter

Sequence: 5′(5phos)rUrGrGCCTATAGTGAGTCGTATTA (SEQ ID NO: 4254806) (3InvdT)3′

2. Name: 5Ada RNA-DNA XbaBseRI

Sequence: 5′AAAGGAGGAGCTCTAGrArUrA 3′ (SEQ ID NO: 4254807) or optionally:

3. Name: 5Ada MC RNA-DNA PstAtaBser

Sequence: 5′CCTAGGAGGAGGACGTCTGrCrArG 3′ (SEQ ID NO: 4254808)

4. Name: 3′Ada nT7 MC RNA-DNA

Sequence: 5′(5phos)rCrCrUATAGTGAGTCGTATTATCT (3InvdT) 3′ (SEQ ID NO: 4254809)

The following DNA primers are included in the present invention:

1. Name: T7 Ncol-RT-PCR primer

Sequence: 5′TAATACGACTCACTATAGGCCA 3′ (SEQ ID NO: 4254810)

2. Name: T7Nhel Spel-RT-PCR primer

Sequence: 5′GCTAGCACTAGTTAATACGACTCACTATAGGCCA 3′ (SEQ ID NO: 4254811)

3. Name: 5Ada XbaBseRI Fwd

Sequence: 5′AAAGGAGGAGCTCTAGATA 3′ (SEQ ID NO: 4254812)

4. Name: Pst-5Ada XbaBseRI Fwd

Sequence: 5′TGACCTGCAGAAAGGAGGAGCTCTAGATA 3′ (SEQ ID NO: 4254813)

or optionally:

5. Name: 5Ada MC PstAtaBser fwd

Sequence: 5′ATCCTAGGAGGAGGACGTCTGCAG 3′ (SEQ ID NO: 4254814)

6. Name: RT nT7 MC Xbal

Sequence: 5′GCTCTAGGATAATACGACTCACTATAGG 3′ (SEQ ID NO: 4254815)

Reference is now made to FIG. 18A, which demonstrates the detection of known miRNA oligonucleotides and of novel GAM oligonucleotides, using a microarray constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Based on negative control probe intensity signals, we evaluated the background, non-specific, logarithmic intensity distribution, and extracted its mean, designated BG_mean, and standard deviation, designated BG_std. In order to normalize intensity signals between different microarray experiments, a Z score, which is a statistical measure that quantifies the distance (measured in standard deviations) that a data point is from the mean of a data set, was calculated for each probe with respect to the negative control using the following Z score formula: Z=(logarithm of probe signal BG_mean)/BG_std. We performed microarray experiments using RNA extracted from several different tissues and we calculated each probes maximum Z score. FIG. 18A shows the percentages of known, predicted and negative control groups that have a higher max Z score than a specified threshold as a function of max Z score threshold. The negative control group plot, included as a reference, considers probe with a max Z score greater then 4 as a reliable probe with meaningful signals. The sensitivity of our method was demonstrated by the detection of almost 80% of the known published miRNA oligonucleotides in at least one of the examined tissues. At a threshold of 4 for the max Z score, 28% of the predicted GAMs are present in at least one of the examined tissues.

Reference is now made to FIG. 18B, which is a line graph showing specificity of hybridization of a microarray constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention and described hereinabove with reference to FIGS. 17A-17C.

The average signal of known miRNA oligonucleotides in Library A2 is presented on a logarithmic scale as a function of the following probe types under two different hybridization conditions: 50 C and 60 C: perfect match (PM), six mismatches on the tail (TAIL MM), one mismatch on the miRNA oligonucleotide (1 MM), two separate mismatches on the miRNA oligonucleotide (2 MM), three separate mismatches on the miRNA oligonucleotide (3 MM). The relative equality of perfect match probes and probes with the same miRNA oligonucleotide but many mismatches over the tail attest to the independence between the tail and the probe signal. At a hybridization temperature of 60 C, one mismatch in the middle of the miRNA oligonucleotide is enough to dramatically reduce the probe signal. Conducting chip hybridization at 60 C ensures that a probe has a very high specificity.

It is appreciated that these results demonstrate the specificity of the microarray of the present invention in detecting expression of miRNA oligonucleotides.

Reference is now made to FIG. 18C, which is a summary table demonstrating detection of known miRNA oligonucleotides using a microarray constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention and described hereinabove with reference to FIGS. 17A-17C.

Labeled cRNA from HeLa cells and Human Liver, Brain, Thymus, Placenta, and Testes was used for 6 different hybridizations. The table contains the quantitative values obtained for each miRNA oligonucleotide probe. For each miRNA oligonucleotide, the highest value (or values) is given in bolded font while lower values are given in regular font size. Results for MIR-124A, MIR-9 and MIR-122A are exactly as expected from previous studies. The References column contains the relevant references in the published literature for each case. In addition to these miRNA oligonucleotides, the table shows other known miRNA oligonucleotides that are expressed in a tissue-specific manner. The results indicate that MIR-128A, MIR-129 and MIR-128B are highly enriched in Brain; MIR-194, MIR-148 and MIR-192 are highly enriched in Liver; mIR-96, MIR-150, MIR-205, MIR-182 and MIR-183 are highly enriched in Thymus; MIR-204, MIR-10B, MIR-154 and MIR134 are highly enriched in Testes; and MIR-122, MIR-210, MIR-221, MIR-141, MIR-23A, MIR-200C and MIR-136 are highly enriched in Placenta. In most cases, low but significant levels are observed in the other tissues. However, in some cases, miRNA oligonucleotides are also expressed at relative high levels in an additional tissue.

It is appreciated that these results reproduce previously published studies of expression of known miRNA oligonucleotides. These results demonstrate the reliability of the microarray of the present invention in detecting expression of published miRNA oligonucleotides, and of novel GAM oligonucleotides of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF TABLES

Table 1 comprises data relating the SEQ ID NO of oligonucleotides of the present invention to their corresponding GAM NAME, and contains the following fields: GAM SEQ-ID: GAM SEQ ID NO, as in the Sequence Listing; GAM NAME: Rosetta Genomics Ltd. nomenclature (see below); GAM RNA SEQUENCE: Sequence (5′ to 3′) of the mature, “diced” GAM RNA; GAM ORGANISM: identity of the organism encoding the GAM oligonucleotide; GAM POS: Dicer-cut location (see below); and

Table 2 comprises detailed textual description according to the description of FIG. 1 of each of a plurality of novel GAM oligonucleotides of the present invention, and contains the following fields: GAM NAME: Rosetta Genomics Ltd. nomenclature (see below); GAM ORGANISM: identity of the organism encoding the GAM oligonucleotide; PRECUR SEQ-ID:GAM precursor Seq-ID, as in the Sequence Listing; PRECURSOR SEQUENCE: Sequence (5′ to 3′) of the GAM precursor; GAM DESCRIPTION: Detailed description of GAM oligonucleotide with reference to FIG. 1; and

Table 3 comprises data relating to the source and location of novel GAM oligonucleotides of the present invention, and contains the following fields: GAM NAME: Rosetta Genomics Ltd. nomenclature (see below); PRECUR SEQ-ID: GAM precursor SEQ ID NO, as in the Sequence Listing; GAM ORGANISM: identity of the organism encodes the GAM oligonucleotide; SOURCE: For human GAM—chromosome encoding the human GAM oligonucleotide, otherwise—accession ID (GenBank, NCBI); STRAND: Orientation of the strand, “+” for the plus strand, “−” for the minus strand; SRC-START OFFSET: Start offset of GAM precursor sequence relative to the SOURCE; SRC-END OFFSET: End offset of GAM precursor sequence relative to the SOURCE; and

Table 4 comprises data relating to GAM precursors of novel GAM oligonucleotides of the present invention, and contains the following fields: GAM NAME: Rosetta Genomics Ltd. nomenclature (see below); PRECUR SEQ-ID: GAM precursor Seq-ID, as in the Sequence Listing; GAM ORGANISM: identity of the organism encoding the GAM oligonucleotide; PRECURSOR-SEQUENCE: GAM precursor nucleotide sequence (5′ to 3′); GAM FOLDED PRECURSOR RNA: Schematic representation of the GAM folded precursor, beginning 5′ end (beginning of upper row) to 3′ end (beginning of lower row), where the hairpin loop is positioned at the right part of the draw; and

Table 5 comprises data relating to GAM oligonucleotides of the present invention, and contains the following fields: GAM NAME: Rosetta Genomics Ltd. nomenclature (see below); GAM ORGANISM: identity of the organism encoding the GAM oligonucleotide; GAM RNA SEQUENCE: Sequence (5′ to 3′) of the mature, “diced” GAM RNA; PRECUR SEQ-ID: GAM precursor Seq-ID, as in the Sequence Listing; GAM POS: Dicer-cut location (see below); and

Table 6 comprises data relating SEQ ID NO of the GAM target gene binding site sequence to TARGET gene name and target binding site sequence, and contains the following fields: TARGET BINDING SITE SEQ-ID: Target binding site SEQ ID NO, as in the Sequence Listing; TARGET ORGANISM: identity of organism encode the TARGET gene; TARGET: GAM target gene name; TARGET BINDING SITE SEQUENCE: Nucleotide sequence (5′ to 3′) of the target binding site; and

Table 7 comprises data relating to target-genes and binding sites of GAM oligonucleotides of the present invention, and contains the following fields: GAM NAME: Rosetta Genomics Ltd. nomenclature (see below); GAM ORGANISM: identity of the organism encoding the GAM oligonucleotide; GAM RNA SEQUENCE: Sequence (5′ to 3′) of the mature, “diced” GAM RNA; TARGET: GAM target gene name; TARGET REF-ID: For human target genes—Target accession number (RefSeq, GenBank); Otherwise—the location of the target gene on the genome annotation. TARGET ORGANISM: identity of organism encode the TARGET gene; UTR: Untranslated region of binding site/s (3′ or 5′); TARGET BS-SEQ: Nucleotide sequence (5′ to 3′) of the target binding site; BINDING SITE-DRAW: Schematic representation of the binding site, upper row represent 5′ to 3′ sequence of the TARGET, Lower row represent 3′ to 5′ Sequence of the GAM RNA; GAM POS: Dicer-cut location (see below); and

Table 8 comprises data relating to functions and utilities of novel GAM oligonucleotides of the present invention, and contains the following fields: GAM NAME: Rosetta Genomics Ltd. nomenclature (see below); GAM RNA SEQUENCE: Sequence (5′ to 3′) of the mature, “diced” GAM RNA; GAM ORGANISM: identity of the organism encoding the GAM oligonucleotide; TARGET: GAM target gene name; TARGET ORGANISM: identity of organism encode the TARGET gene; GAM FUNCTION: Description of the GAM functions and utilities; GAM POS: Dicer-cut location (see below); and

Table 9 comprises references of GAMs target genes and contains the following fields: TARGET: Target gene name; TARGET ORGANISM: identity of organism encode the TARGET gene; REFERENCES: reference relating to the target gene; and

Table 10 comprises data relating to novel GR (Genomic Record) polynucleotides of the present invention, and contains the following fields: GR NAME: Rosetta Genomics Ltd. nomenclature (see below); GR ORGANISM: identity of the organism encoding the GR polynucleotide; GR DESCRIPTION: Detailed description of a GR polynucleotide, with reference to FIG. 9; and

Table 11 comprises data of all sequences printed on the microarray of the microarray experiment, as described herein above with reference to FIG. 17 and include the following fields: PROBE SEQUENCE: the sequence that was printed on the chip PROBE TYPE: as described in detail in FIG. 17 in chip design section and summarized as follows: Known: published miRNA sequence; Known_mis1: similar to published miRNA sequence, but with 1 mismatch mutation on the miRNA sequence; Known_mis2: similar to published miRNA sequence, but with 2 mismatch mutations on the miRNA sequence; Known_mis3: similar to published miRNA sequence, but with 3 mismatch mutations on the miRNA sequence; Known_mis4: similar to published miRNA sequence, but with 6 mismatch mutations on regions other than the miRNA sequence; Predicted: predicted GAM RNA sequences; Mismatch: sequences that are similar to predicted GAM RNA sequences but with 2 mismatches; Edges 1: left half of GAM RNA sequences; Edges2: right half of GAM RNA sequences extended with its hairpin precursor (palindrome); Control1: negative control; Control2: random sequences; Control3: tRNA; Control4: snoRNA; Control5: mRNA; Control6: other; GAM RNA SEQ ID/MIR NAME: GAM oligonucleotide using Rosetta Genomics Ltd. Nomenclature (see below) or published miRNA oligonucleotide terminology; GAM RNA SEQUENCE: Sequence (5′ to 3′) of the mature, “diced” GAM RNA; LIBRARY: the library name as defined in FIG. 17C; SIGNAL: Raw signal data for library; BACKGROUND Z-SCORE: Z-score of probe signal with respect to background, negative control signals; MISMATCH Z-SCORE: Z-score of probe signal with respect to its mismatch probe signal; and

Table 12 comprises data related to the GAM RNA SEQUENCEs included in the present invention that were validated by laboratory means. If the validated sequence appeared in more than one GAM precursor, the GAM RNA SEQ-ID indicated may be arbitrarily chosen. The table includes the following fields: VALIDATION METHOD: the type of validation performed on the sequence. The microarray validations are divided into four groups: a) “Chip strong” refers to GAM oligonucleotide sequences whose intensity (SIGNAL) on the microarray “chip” was more than 6 standard deviations above the background intensity, and the differential to the corresponding mismatch intensity was more than 2 standard deviations, where in this case the standard deviation is of the intensity of identical probes; b) “Chip” refers to GAM oligonucleotide sequences, whose intensity was more than 4 standard deviations above the background intensity; c) “Sequenced” refers to GAM oligonucleotide sequences that were sequenced; and d) “Chip strong, Sequenced” refers to miRNA oligonucleotide sequences that were both detected in the microarray as “Chip strong” and sequenced. “Sequenced” is described hereinabove with reference to FIG. 13. Other validations are from microarray experiments as described hereinabove with reference to FIGS. 17A-C and 18A-C; SIGNAL: a raw signal data; BACKGROUND Z-SCORE: a Z-score of probe signal with respect to background, negative control signals; MISMATCH Z-SCORE: a Z-score of probe signal with respect to its mismatch probe signal; and

Table 13 comprises sequence data of GAMs associated with different bacterial infections. Each row refers to a specific bacterial infection, and lists the SEQ ID NOs of GAMs that target genes associated with that bacterial infection. The table contains the following fields: ROW#: index of the row number; INFECTION NAME: name of the infecting organism; and SEQ ID NOs OF GAMS ASSOCIATED WITH INFECTION: list of sequence listing IDs of GAMs targeting genes that are associated with the specified infection.

The following conventions and abbreviations are used in the tables: The nucleotide “U” is represented as “T” in the tables, and;

GAM NAME or GR NAME are names for nucleotide sequences of the present invention given by Rosetta Genomics Ltd. nomenclature method. All GAMs/GRs are designated by GAMx/GRx where x is a unique ID.

GAM POS is a position of the GAM RNA on the GAM PRECURSOR RNA sequence. This position is the Dicer-cut location: A indicates a probable Dicer-cut location; B indicates an alternative Dicer-cut location.

All human nucleotide sequences of the present invention as well as their chromosomal location and strand orientation are derived from sequence records of UCSC-hg16 version, which is based on NCBI, Build34 database (April, 2003).

All bacterial sequences of the present invention as well as their genomic location are derived from NCBI, RefSeq database.

VALIDATION BACKGROUND MISMATCH GAM RNA GAM RNA SEQUENCE METHOD SIGNAL Z-SCORE Z-SCORE SEQ-ID ACTCACTGCAACCTCCACCTCC Sequenced 323 ACTGCACTCCAGCCTGGGCTAC Sequenced 13 AATCACTTGAACCCAAGAAGTG Sequenced 5 AATCGCTTGAACCCAGGAAGTG Sequenced 6 TTCAAGTGTTTAAGTTCTGCTT Sequenced 305 AGGCAGAGAGGACCAGAGACT Sequenced 331 CACTGCACTCCAGCCCGAGCAA Sequenced 46 CCCGGGTGGAGCCTGGGCTGTG Sequenced 361 GGGCGTGGAGCTGGAATGATGT Sequenced 125 TGATAGATCCATATTTTGGTAA Sequenced 279 AGCAAGACCAGGGTTTTGTGTT Sequenced 326 TCACTGCAACCTCCACCTCCCA Sequenced 198 ATTGTTGCCCATGTTTTTATTT Sequenced 40 CTGGACTGAGCTCCTTGAGGCC Sequenced 383 AGGCCAAGAAGGAAGCAGAGG Sequenced 25 ATTAGGAGAGTGGGTGCTAAGT Sequenced 38 AGTTTGTGTAAGAAAAGC Sequenced 338 AGGAAAAAAATTAATGTGAGTC Sequenced 22 TCACTGCAACCTCCACCAGCCT Sequenced 197 GTGACAGTGAATCTAGACAGAC Sequenced 134 TATTCATTGCCCATGTTTGTGA Sequenced 262 TGGGTTTTGTTTGTACAGTGTA Sequenced 229 CTCAGCTCATCCACTAAATCCC Sequenced 377 TCACTGCAACCTCCACCTTCAG Sequenced 263 GGGAAATAATTAATGTGAAGTC Sequenced 124 TGGAGGAGAGTTTGTCAGTATAG Sequenced 298 GGAATGGTGGTTGTATGGTTG Sequenced 116 TCACTGCAACCTCCACCTTCCG Sequenced 201 TTCTGATGGTTAAGTTCTGTCA Sequenced 306 AGGGCAGGAGGTCCGTCCCTTC Sequenced 27 TCACTGCAACCTCCACCACGTG Sequenced 196 TCTAAGAGAAAGGAAGTTCAGA Sequenced 272 GAAGTTTGAAGCCTGTTGTTCA Sequenced 95 CTAGACTGAAGCTCCTTGAGGA Sequenced 74 AATTGCTTGAACCCAGGAAGTGGA Sequenced 8 CACTGCAACCTCCACCTCCTGG Chip strong, 31393 19.150194 22.611071 45 Sequenced TCACTGCAACCTCCACCTCCCG Chip strong, 31810 20.186802 16.772465 199 Sequenced TCACTGCAACCTCCACCTCCTG Chip strong, 45662 20.504339 18.911047 200 Sequenced ATGGTAGCTGTCCACATCAGGA Chip strong 8208 25.85717 21.352978 36 TCAGCTCCTACCCCGGCCCCAG Chip strong 8279.5 11.228731 17.399603 204 GTTTCTCTGGGCTTGGCAT Chip strong 8298 10.689093 5.6611276 257 TGGTCTGGCCCACATGGTC Chip strong 8349 13.022524 4.8629713 231 GTGCTGGTGCTCGCTCCTCTGG Chip strong 8165 11.725875 9.7062302 251 CTCAGGTGATCCACCCCTCTTG Chip strong 8190 8.7424583 3.9819176 75 TGCAGGTTGCTGGTCTGATCTC Chip strong 8079 24.743416 17.869699 283 AGTCATTATCTCCTGGACC Chip strong 7790 10.371323 17.396904 30 GCTGCACCCCAGCCTGGGTAAC Chip strong 7858 6.2366548 20.271864 162 CACTTCCCTTCTCTGCTCATGG Chip strong 7886.5 8.1030474 7.7415953 347 TGCTGGCTATCCTGCGCCTTTC Chip strong 7903 10.469044 13.746831 225 GGCTGCTGGTTTCTTGTTTTAG Chip strong 7926 12.94939 11.212504 176 CTTCCTGCCTCTCGCCGCCCGC Chip strong 7982 10.846725 2.7860351 89 CTGCTCTGGTTTCCTCTGTC Chip strong 7506.5 7.7015729 15.622507 86 GCCTCCAGGTCGGTCTTTCTCT Chip strong 7529 13.077046 6.7496343 104 CCCTCTTGGCTTCTATCCCACC Chip strong 7596 7.1978688 6.3785648 363 CAGCTGGTGCTTGCCTGGCTAA Chip strong 7373 13.676201 7.9258513 351 TCTCCCAGATCCTTTAGCCTCC Chip strong 7384.5 14.663905 2.166656 274 TTTCTTGGGCCGTGTGCTGGT Chip strong 7386 8.0159159 10.662634 248 ATCACTTTGAGTCCAGGAGTTT Chip strong 7335 6.5335536 19.718058 32 GAGCCGCCCTCCACGATGTCCC Chip strong 7252 8.6663809 14.735928 142 CCTCACTCAGGTTTGGACCCTG Chip strong 7301 15.895414 5.3846102 61 GGGTTACTCTGTGTTGGTCAGG Chip strong 7310 8.6937799 12.815997 129 TGCTCTGATTTTTGCCCCAGC Chip strong 7060.5 10.413313 7.7476549 291 GCTGTTTTCCCATAGCTGGTCA Chip strong 7061 19.803032 6.222959 164 GCTAGGCTGCTGGCCACTGAGG Chip strong 6972.5 13.127683 19.686853 159 TGCTTGCTGTGGTTGGCTGGTA Chip strong 6974 21.75724 11.332961 296 TCAGCCTCCTCCACCCCAGAGT Chip strong 6996.5 14.03341 7.0927162 264 GGGGAACGCGCTGGCCCGCGCC Chip strong 7005 6.2445078 11.806351 127 CTCTGTGATATGGTTTGTAATA Chip strong 6862 19.265455 13.692534 84 CATTCTGTGAGCTGCTGGCTTT Chip strong 6884 11.220102 9.6062307 52 CTCGACTTCCCTGGCTTGCGTGA Chip strong 6890 6.5380254 11.584653 78 GGCGGCCCAGGCGCTTGGAGAT Chip strong 6899.5 8.1672001 10.434432 172 TGCCGCCCGGCCATCTCGGCTC Chip strong 6915.5 13.391404 5.9536037 220 TCTCTATGCCATGCTGGCCT Chip strong 6926 17.665062 2.5852687 217 ACATTCTCTGATTGGTGCCTCC Chip strong 6695 12.723179 6.4453721 319 CTGTGCTCTTTCCACGGCCCCA Chip strong 6477.5 13.662484 9.3280506 139 AAGGCCGCCCCTTCATGCTCCT Chip strong 6358.5 9.1175785 8.5895061 1 CAGCAGCTCAGCCTCCTTCCCA Chip strong 6588 11.002058 9.0820408 349 CAGTTTGTCCCCATGGCCATGT Chip strong 6591.5 13.401958 5.2375259 354 TGGAGCTGGGTCTGGGGCA Chip strong 6426 15.46969 17.843594 297 CCTGGTCGGCGTGGTGACGGCG Chip strong 6434.5 6.2044091 6.2762375 369 TCCTACGGTGGCCACAGTCTGG Chip strong 6256 7.9984035 3.2358623 210 CGTTCACTCCCTTGCCCCTCGG Chip strong 6280.5 7.0008011 9.7373304 73 TGTCTGGCTTTCTTCAGTTAGC Chip strong 6191 9.9906111 15.989508 236 TGCTGCACCCTCTGCCTCCGGG Chip strong 6094.5 6.9428978 10.588869 293 GCAGCATCCCGGCCTCCACTGT Chip strong 5995 7.2606683 11.881517 147 TGTGGTAGTCACGGCCCGCCAC Chip strong 5909.5 23.027369 15.816967 304 CTTGCCTGCCCTGTGTCATAAA Chip strong 5903.5 13.361271 3.0393276 91 TTCACTGCTCTAGCCCTAATTT Chip strong 5739 15.599205 7.8376389 240 TCCATTGGCCTTTTATCCTAGA Chip strong 5760 15.329782 8.1126537 209 TGCCTAGCCAAGTCCAGTATTT Chip strong 5823 17.976177 16.478537 221 TTCTGGCTTCTCCCAGGCGGCC Chip strong 5582 8.2352791 10.879703 243 ATGGCCCTCTTATCACAGCTCC Chip strong 5586.5 21.480997 6.3762493 342 ACTGCACTCCATCCAGCCTGGC Chip strong 5668 7.6480083 10.938603 324 TGCCTGCCCCAGCTGAGATATC Chip strong 5686 10.380668 15.221783 287 GCTCGCTGGGGTCTGCAGGCGG Chip strong 5502 7.7859778 10.874097 111 GCAGCTCCTGGAGGTGAGAGGCG Chip strong 5368 7.8018293 15.956004 100 CTCATTGTAGCCTCCAGTTCTTG Chip strong 5375 10.634505 9.6296253 379 AGGCTGGTTAGATTTGTGGTCT Chip strong 5392 20.112637 16.324888 26 GCTGCACTTCAGCCTGGGTGTC Chip strong 5310 7.5533419 15.940791 113 GCCCTTTGTGTCTGGCTGGGGT Chip strong 5320 11.978069 10.261797 152 TTCTCTGTGCTGGGTCCTGAGG Chip strong 5272.5 8.1261625 9.2259359 242 AGATTTCCCTTCCTGCTTGCCT Chip strong 5251 6.0291886 13.065763 17 TGCGTTCCAGTTGCTGCCAGGC Chip strong 5079 11.194171 5.7294831 290 CTGGCTAAGATCCAAGAAAGGC Chip strong 5036 14.178236 6.6532001 385 TCATTGCAACCTCCTCCTGGGT Chip strong 5039.5 18.95397 9.7537737 207 TTGACATGCCTCCTACATGATC Chip strong 5065 12.953059 10.809283 307 CCTGCTCTCTGTTCTTAAGCTT Chip strong 5021 9.0648565 7.4354005 64 TGCACCACTGCACCCCAGTCTG Chip strong 5009 7.3463378 16.848854 281 TGCTGCCCTAAGACCACCTT Chip strong 4950 11.124713 13.249466 294 GGGAGTTGTGGTTGGCTTCTGG Chip strong 4978 8.3206406 9.2158394 179 GGCCGTGGTCGCTGACTCTCGT Chip strong 4980 6.9448657 12.094063 120 TAGGTATGGCTTGTGGCACAGC Chip strong 4840 23.281979 15.36544 261 GCGCCGCCATCCGCATCCTCGT Chip strong 4801 16.34218 9.281786 107 CTGGTGTTGGGTCTTGCTTTTA Chip strong 4756 6.5764294 8.8639517 138 ATGGGCCTCCTATTATCCCCAT Chip strong 4745.5 13.363207 5.1394033 34 CGCCCAGGCTGGAGTGCCAGTG Chip strong 4722 9.6376123 13.758563 69 CGACCTTGTGATCCTCCCGCCT Chip strong 4594 7.4134154 4.4487605 370 CTCAGTGCAACCTCCGCCTACT Chip strong 4516 8.8905106 13.512998 76 GGCTCTGGCTTTGGAGGAGCAG Chip strong 4483.5 6.8781896 14.473881 174 GGGCTTTTGGAATGGTCTGT Chip strong 4463 9.6709318 2.0551727 126 AGTCGCTGGACCATCAGAGCCT Chip strong 4419 12.240126 13.100382 335 GGTGGTGGAGCGGGCCCAGGCC Chip strong 4320.5 7.4591732 12.328825 185 TCCAGCTGTCCACGTCTTCCTG Chip strong 4070 6.5770264 7.9605851 265 ATGGTACTCCAGCCTGGGTGAC Chip strong 4173 7.3957338 16.409479 35 ATTCTGTGCTAACTGCAGGCCA Chip strong 4140 19.305922 11.530575 343 GACCTCGTGATCCGCCTGCTTT Chip strong 4080.5 7.6009617 13.947659 97 TGGTGCAGCGTGTGGTGGCTCT Chip strong 4082.5 9.6208868 12.887189 302 TGGTCGGGCTGCATCTTCCGGC Chip strong 4093 8.0100813 2.1106353 230 CACTGCAGCCTCCATCTCTGGG Chip strong 4050 6.9180322 10.574921 47 ATGGTGCTGGTGGGAGTGTATT Chip strong 4053 18.971554 14.625937 37 TGCCTGCCGTTAAATGTTACTT Chip strong 3936 12.749383 11.509386 222 GACCTTGTGATCCGCCCACTTT Chip strong 3834 7.5950313 9.0545225 141 CAACTCACTGCGGCCTCAACCT Chip strong 3783 9.680912 5.8278494 41 CTGGAGGAGCTGCCATG Chip strong 3669 12.842446 14.933422 384 TAGCTCCTCCCAGATCTCATCT Chip strong 3659 10.385338 3.9473054 192 TTGGGGGAGGCCTGCTGCCCAT Chip strong 3549 9.3567915 8.3044834 310 GTTGGTCTTCATTAAATGCTTT Chip strong 3499.5 17.153486 5.8892236 255 GGTGGCTATGGCTGTGCTCGC Chip strong 3426.5 15.917648 2.9563422 132 GATGTCGTGATCCACCCGCCTT Chip strong 3425 7.313684 10.200798 145 AGTGGCGTGATCTCGGCTCGGT Chip strong 3395 8.8775339 14.742507 336 GTGCTTAAAGAATGGCTGTCCG Chip strong 3362 26.398634 13.195816 252 TCACTGCAAGCTCCACCCTCCG Chip strong 3370 12.960393 9.7885542 202 CGGCACTGTAGTCTGGCTGGGA Chip strong 3297 6.7212648 9.1534166 374 CTGGCTAGATGTGTGGCCATGA Chip strong 3221 21.032122 14.058989 137 AACCTTGTGATCCACCCACCTT Chip strong 3034 7.7903786 12.639959 313 AGCTGGCTTACTTGAGATGCAT Chip strong 3049 8.8567095 7.4132333 329 GGGGCTTCTAGGGTGCCAGATC Chip strong 3012.5 13.356146 7.901947 181 GGCCCAGGTTGGAGTGCAGTGA Chip strong 2994 8.0930119 10.374014 168 GGCCCAGTGCAAGCTCTTTCTG Chip strong 2960 7.6298795 6.4523926 118 GCCCTTGAAGCTCTGACCCGCT Chip strong 2947 7.6962008 2.815666 151 GCTGGCTCCACCTGCTGCCAGG Chip strong 2916 6.3332305 13.052609 115 CCACTGAGGTAGCTGGTGACTG Chip strong 2861 16.719574 7.8953633 54 CCTCCGGTCATTGTGCGGGCCT Chip strong 2835 12.644177 5.132216 366 AGGATCTTGCTATGTTGGCCAG Chip strong 2784 10.949057 7.9714575 330 TGGTGCTAGTTAAATCTTCAGG Chip strong 2715 17.999035 10.341267 232 GCACTGCTGCCTCCTGG Chip strong 2627 6.3458524 7.414557 99 TTATAATGTATAGCTGTGCCTG Chip strong 2566.5 15.056374 8.2182913 238 TGCTTCTAGGGAGGCCGCAGGA Chip strong 2554 12.58359 11.930317 295 TAGAACTATGGCTATGTGCCA Chip strong 2523.5 18.843672 7.4688845 259 GACCCATCCTCCACTTGGCAGC Chip strong 2498 6.505065 6.8388047 96 GCCTAGTGGATTTGAAGGGCC Chip strong 2352 20.613605 8.8114462 153 TGCCCACTGCTGGCCACCACCC Chip strong 32112 15.630626 16.785101 219 GGCTGGCCCCATCCAGGCTGGCA Chip strong 65518 10.117671 10.864906 121 ACAAAGCGCTTCTCTTTAGAGT Chip strong 65518 11.238881 26.766436 9 GGGGCTGGTCTTTCCACTTACT Chip strong 65518 11.24554 19.391401 180 GGAGGCTGGCCTTCAGACGGGT Chip strong 65518 12.034198 25.266558 166 ACGCGCTGGGGCGCTGGCCAAT Chip strong 65518 13.337035 9.5484018 12 ACAAAGTGCCTCCTTTTAGAGT Chip strong 65518 13.412503 32.421429 10 CGCCTGGCCCCCAGTACTTTGT Chip strong 65518 14.386203 22.674049 373 GCCTGGCCTAAATTAGTAATTT Chip strong 65518 14.47023 33.939186 155 CCCTCTGGCCCCTGTGGTGGAT Chip strong 65518 14.648276 19.804953 362 CTGCCTGCCTGGCCCAGGAACC Chip strong 65518 14.752467 36.164337 381 CGCCCGCTGGCCCTGCGATCTC Chip strong 65518 15.196337 33.776985 70 AGGACCTGTCCCCTGGCCCACT Chip strong 65518 15.796532 15.770715 24 CAGCAGCACACTGTGGTTTGTA Chip strong 65518 16.623587 30.172779 348 CCGCCTGGCCCATTGCAGGGCA Chip strong 65518 19.692606 29.045151 365 CACTGCACTCCAGCTCTGGGT Chip strong 65518 20.15584 31.571056 345 ACAAAGTGCCTCCCTTTAGAGT Chip strong 65518 22.461653 34.028076 316 CCCCACTGTCCCCGGAGCTGGC Chip strong 65518 22.799175 24.102064 358 GGCGCTGGCCTGTGGGATCCCG Chip strong 65518 24.841112 31.449797 171 GCGGCGGCGGTAGCAAAAATGA Chip strong 65518 27.5298 22.089998 109 AGGGTTGTGTGCTGGCCGCTGG Chip strong 65518 29.01285 32.102142 28 GGTGGCCCCTGGGAGATGCTGG Chip strong 65518 31.295538 14.111359 131 CACTGCACTCCAGCCTGGGCAA Chip strong 65518 36.446095 33.140068 12852 TGTGCTGGCCTTTGGTGACTTC Chip strong 65518 44.612064 26.016636 237 CATGCTGGCCCACACCCGCTGC Chip strong 57891 37.069935 17.358248 50 GGCTTCCTGCCTCGGGCTGGCC Chip strong 58372 13.006404 4.4936109 177 GCCTGGCCTAATTCCAGCATTT Chip strong 62842.5 16.076189 31.293688 156 GAAGGGGGAAGAGAGCTGGCCG Chip strong 63993 20.677708 18.040138 94 CCCGGCACCTCCGCTGCACAC Chip strong 50589.5 17.716768 10.848449 360 ATGCCACTGCGCTCCAGCCTGA Chip strong 50941.5 15.106459 30.447573 341 CCCCACTGTTTTCTTCATCCTA Chip strong 50957 32.576454 4.8442335 359 CTTGGAGTAGGTCATTGGGTGG Chip strong 51071 16.39068 33.942337 92 AGGTGCTGGGGCTTGGCCTGCT Chip strong 54992 14.781937 19.839622 333 TGCCCGGATACCCCTGGCCTC Chip strong 46111 13.316625 10.030684 285 ATTGCACTCCAGCCTGAGCAAA Chip strong 46579 22.505102 33.557095 39 TCTCTTCGCTGGCCCTCGGGGA Chip strong 47791.5 15.379544 20.008915 276 CCGTCCCCGGTGCTGCCTGCGC Chip strong 48514 9.4747534 7.9190497 60 TGCTAGCTGCCCGAAGGTCTCA Chip strong 39989 47.058292 15.67876 223 CCTGGCCGCTGTGCCCCCT Chip strong 40002 11.873036 10.703612 65 ACACTTTGCCCCTGGCCGCCTT Chip strong 42189 12.009233 22.436626 317 TGACCTCCTTTCTCGACTAATT Chip strong 43651 10.281033 24.914602 278 CTGCTGCGCTGGCCGTCACGGT Chip strong 45168 18.758972 18.507338 382 TTATTGCACTCCAGCCTGGGTA Chip strong 45303 21.338472 22.149384 239 CTCAGTGCTGCTGGCTCCTGTC Chip strong 30057 40.88406 25.543219 378 GACCCCTAAACCCGCTGGGCTG Chip strong 30088.5 13.552105 6.4749699 140 CCTGGCTCTGGCTTCCTGTTGT Chip strong 34525 11.373339 6.4300051 368 ACCCTGGCCGACTGCCCCTT Chip strong 35652 12.982363 11.41268 11 GCCTGGCCTCCTACAGTACTTT Chip strong 35866 15.014146 23.263319 157 GCCCTTCGGAAAGCGTCGCCTG Chip strong 37481 13.375318 6.6135831 150 TGCCTGGCCTCCTGATTCCCTC Chip strong 37634.5 13.004288 2.9085336 288 CCAGACCATTTTGCCTTACC Chip strong 38076 30.955603 11.095823 55 CGTAAGTCACAGCGCCTGGCCC Chip strong 38826 11.506068 25.787857 72 CAGGCTCTTCCCTCTGGCCAAG Chip strong 25089 10.865691 11.601097 352 GATGAGTTTGCCTGGCCTGCAG Chip strong 25445.5 12.297516 17.035336 143 GCTGTAAGTCACCTGGCCCGAT Chip strong 26191 8.8471966 25.053482 163 AGAAGGGCTGGCAGGAGTT Chip strong 26652 14.563484 25.132761 16 TGCCTGGCCTCTTCAGCACTTC Chip strong 27021 10.873885 26.68429 289 GGTGCCCCATCGCGGGTGGCTG Chip strong 27077 14.316696 22.61035 130 GCTCCTGGCCGGGCTGCTCCTG Chip strong 27106 14.495318 9.280777 161 AAGTGCTCATAGTGCAGGTAGT Chip strong 27166.5 9.1624584 28.31859 4 CAGGAAAAGGCGGCTCGGGGCT Chip strong 27684.5 9.7338009 6.1309323 49 TCACGCGCCCTCCTGGGCCCTG Chip strong 28630 10.411592 10.865385 195 GGCGTGCCCTGGCCCCGAGGCT Chip strong 28813 10.987214 21.873014 173 TCCTGGGGCTTGTCGCTGGCCA Chip strong 28926 12.960393 7.4913173 216 GCTTCAGAGAGGGGTGAAGCTG Chip strong 21900 17.158428 13.963737 165 CTCTCCTTGGCCACCTCCATGA Chip strong 23276 12.960393 7.0737572 81 GGCTGGTGGCTGGTTCTGGACC Chip strong 20736.5 31.680035 17.914019 122 CACCCGCTGGTCCCTGCAGTTC Chip strong 20816 8.5344362 27.261486 42 CCCTGGCTCACTTTCTGTTGTG Chip strong 20839 26.185976 5.4283981 364 GGTAGTCTTTGTCCCCTGGC Chip strong 20872 12.44091 3.1238594 182 CATCACCCCCAGACCTCAGTGC Chip strong 20958.5 35.708847 4.6072259 355 GGCTGGTTAGATTTGTGGTCTT Chip strong 21258 33.569485 15.757149 123 TTGGTCCCCTTCAACCAGCTAC Chip strong 20228 9.5504265 23.87529 246 TCAGGGGTTGGCTTGTTGTGTT Chip strong 20519.5 8.8405285 21.048086 206 TACTGCACTCCAGCCTTGCCAA Chip strong 18364 10.029301 16.731598 258 AATTGCACGGTATCCATCTGTA Chip strong 18407 8.3120737 26.950815 7 TGGTTCTTCGCTGGGCGGCTGC Chip strong 18451 17.683105 11.562138 234 CCCTGCCTGTCCTGGTCCCGTT Chip strong 18466 9.747386 21.814604 59 TCTCCACAGCTGGCCCCCAAGA Chip strong 19483.5 23.591568 26.742323 273 CCTCGCTCTCCATTCGGCCCTC Chip strong 9378.5 6.9943829 8.7534571 367 GGCCGGGTGCTCTGGAGGTGCT Chip strong 14393 11.734104 12.172738 119 AGCTCCTGGCTTCAAGCAATCC Chip strong 14107 10.339123 18.669428 20 TTTAAATCACAACTCTGCCCCT Chip strong 15129 15.825633 8.2785378 247 GTAGCTGTGTTCATTCTGGATG Chip strong 15186.5 37.683685 11.412519 187 AAGTGCTAGTGAGTCTATTGTA Chip strong 15263 30.581371 17.914198 3 GCCCCAGCTCACCGGCTCACTG Chip strong 15345 20.667051 7.4258513 103 GTGCGGCCTGGCCTTCAAGTGG Chip strong 15350 9.6908836 19.487803 250 GTTGGTTTTAGCTTGGCCCATT Chip strong 15833 22.509586 7.6416044 256 TTGATGCCCCGTCCTGTACACT Chip strong 16077 20.144415 22.335653 308 GCAGGGAACTGGCTGGGCTTT Chip strong 16084 7.1124773 22.951672 102 ACCATCTCCTGTGCCTCCAGCT Chip strong 16520 12.522655 19.197701 320 AAGTGATACGCCTGCCTCGGCC Chip strong 16691 9.2873106 2.0918362 2 GCCTGGCCAACATAGTGGGACC Chip strong 16749 8.6138811 20.486101 154 TCCTGGCCATCCAGCCTGGGGA Chip strong 16778 7.2028656 18.973217 214 TCCTCCAGAGCTTCATCCTGCC Chip strong 16927 20.0035 5.2284846 212 GCGCCTGTGCCTCCTAA Chip strong 17094 12.760594 23.842529 108 CTTGATTTTGTCTCTGGCCCTG Chip strong 17456.5 9.4672995 8.272316 90 CCTGTGGTCCCTGTCTGTGCCT Chip strong 17748 13.149311 10.342139 66 ACTTGGAACTGGCCCCTTTCAT Chip strong 17782 14.512917 23.881441 15 TTCCCTGGGACTGGCCTGCACC Chip strong 17948.5 9.3010607 15.061718 241 GATTACTGGTATTTGCTGGCTCC Chip strong 13394 25.892035 5.407784 146 AGGTGGCCACAAGGTGGCTGGC Chip strong 13621 20.378857 17.680929 334 GGCTGCTGGTCTTTCATAGTGGG Chip strong 12604.5 21.291653 18.561375 175 CCCCTGCTGTGCTTGCATGGCT Chip strong 12605 18.076384 11.74684 57 TGGCTTTAGTAATAAGTTTCTC Chip strong 12660 16.773508 11.141039 226 TCTCTAGTCCTGCCTCCCC Chip strong 12753 19.169752 7.0407801 275 TTGTCACTGCACTCCAGTCTGG Chip strong 12372.5 9.9857264 24.029345 311 GGGAAGCTGGTCACCCACAGGC Chip strong 12450 11.913556 20.388573 178 CTCCTTGCTGGTCTGGTGTAAT Chip strong 12887 13.768332 6.9087734 77 TGGGTCTCTGGCCACCCCAGCC Chip strong 12948.5 8.0436459 19.699574 228 CGGCGAGCGGGACCTGCGCCTG Chip strong 13179 8.3394403 5.5586901 375 GCTCACAGCCTCCCCCGGCCTG Chip strong 13198 7.8765292 3.4258959 160 TTTGGTCCCCTTCAACCAGCTA Chip strong 13310 7.6353297 18.880299 249 TTGCTAGTGTTTGGTTGATGGT Chip strong 13321 29.278065 21.353354 309 TGGGTCCTGGCTGAAGATCTCT Chip strong 13345 7.4858232 22.909485 227 AGCAGAGCAGTCTCCGCTCA Chip strong 11919 6.4712315 22.303505 327 TCTGCCTCCAGGAGCTGGCA Chip strong 12022.5 6.4897313 19.629604 218 CTCTGATGTCTGCCCCTCACCT Chip strong 12084 23.231821 2.7038672 83 TGGTGGAGGCGCTGCTGGCCAG Chip strong 11424 10.211181 12.62489 233 CGCCTCCTCTCTGTCCTGATTT Chip strong 11564 15.306285 4.1242805 372 AGGTGCTCTGTGTATGCATAGA Chip strong 11593 19.340197 19.182079 29 GGCCGTCCCTAGAGATGGGGTT Chip strong 11689.5 8.4446125 7.2657032 170 CATTATTCTCAGTTCTGTGCAG Chip strong 11732.5 27.869678 16.957344 51 TGGTTTCCCTTTTGGCCTCTCC Chip strong 10935 11.08107 6.0971227 303 CTGGCCCCTTTCATTCTGGAAG Chip strong 11008.5 19.356289 14.29258 87 ATAGCAGCGCTGGCCCTCTGCC Chip strong 11135.5 8.3489428 16.26886 339 TGCAGCCTCTTGTTTCAGCCCC Chip strong 11243 17.256807 2.5227482 282 GGGTCTCTGTTGGCTTCTT Chip strong 11264.5 7.8554482 5.5741806 128 AGCCTCTGGTCCTTTTTTCCCT Chip strong 11308.5 17.074085 5.3993454 328 AGCTGGTTTAATATGCTGTCTG Chip strong 11390 14.25641 8.7015753 21 CACTGCCTTGGCCACCTATCCT Chip strong 10671 9.1234684 14.108407 346 GCCTTGGTGGTTTTGGTAGT Chip strong 10696 15.110422 8.3110876 106 GTGGTAGCTCCAGGCTGTCTGA Chip strong 10711 30.533655 22.150589 253 TGCTCTGATTTTTGCCCCAGCT Chip strong 10768.5 14.230415 7.0602937 292 TCCTGGGCTTTGGCTTGTTGGG Chip strong 10813.5 7.7058806 7.1675959 215 TCCACTGTCCCTGGCACTTTT Chip strong 9134 6.4327211 12.8872 208 CGCCATGTCCAGCGTCTTCGGG Chip strong 8765 20.334946 20.485155 68 CATTGCACTCCAGCCTCCCATA Chip strong 10435 16.077471 9.6274853 53 AGAGTCTCCCTGTGTTGCCCTG Chip strong 10467 7.4270558 12.602409 325 TCCTTCCTCTGTCAGGCAGGCC Chip strong 10471 20.063852 2.295146 270 ACTGCACTGCAGCCTGGCCAAC Chip strong 10584 7.3915148 12.856659 14 TTCTTCTGCCCCTTGCCTGACA Chip strong 10593.5 16.647232 9.2061243 244 CCAGTACGTTGCTCAGCTCCTC Chip strong 10610.5 11.484417 2.7025924 357 CGCCGCCCTCCGAGGACTCCTT Chip strong 10614 8.6334085 6.5864415 371 TTGCTCAGGCTGGCGTGCAATG Chip strong 9724 11.115126 19.742767 245 CCCGCGATCTCCTTGTGGCCGT Chip strong 9728 11.945862 6.9863696 58 CACCTGGCTGGCAATTTATAAT Chip strong 9852 8.0965796 17.484594 43 TCAGGGCTGCACTGGCTGGTCT Chip strong 9852 10.620815 11.96568 205 TGGAGTTGGCTGCAGATGAGTC Chip strong 9954 13.087917 15.585505 299 TGCCTAGGTCTGGCCTCCTTGG Chip strong 10161 16.315468 2.7759731 286 GCCAGCCTCCATCCTCCCTTG Chip strong 10191 21.391727 11.342846 149 TCCCCTCTTGGCTTGGTCCAGA Chip strong 10285 8.0190945 16.142628 269 GGTGCCCTCTGGCTCTACTCCC Chip strong 10302.5 7.4917507 16.076124 184 AGGGAAGGACTGCTGGGTTGGC Chip strong 10310 6.749754 2.3204882 332 GCTGAACGAGCTGGCCAAGTTC Chip strong 9451 6.6551905 19.321331 112 CAGCCTCTATGCCCCCGTCACC Chip strong 9484 16.652414 11.957335 350 ACCCCGCTCCTTGCAGCCTCTG Chip strong 9609 6.7912097 4.80404 321 CTCTTTGGTTGGTTCCTGATGC Chip strong 9661 15.128378 18.743273 85 AATGGTCTCTTTGTTCCCTGCT Chip strong 9183 7.6419687 3.2526188 315 AGTGTTGGCTCGGCTGGCTGCC Chip strong 9220.5 15.521686 7.1320724 337 ATTTACATACCCAGCAGCCTCC Chip strong 9344 14.651403 5.7202735 344 ACCTTGTGATCCACCTGCTTTG Chip strong 9350 10.149202 4.1434402 322 TGCCAGTATCCTTCTGAGACCC Chip strong 9374.5 18.697142 19.309006 284 ATCTCAGCTCTGCCTCCTGGGT Chip strong 8963 12.361974 12.799247 33 TCCTCCCTCACCTCAGTCTGGG Chip strong 8976.5 11.361602 9.0995693 213 TAGCTGAGCCGCCTGGCTGGGG Chip strong 9026 6.8317003 8.4015751 193 CCTCTTTCACCGTGCCTGTCCC Chip strong 8800 16.616077 5.438931 63 TCCAGGCCCTCAATCCATTTCCA Chip strong 8934.5 13.815792 9.5553522 266 CAGGCTGGCTCCCTGAAGGTTC Chip strong 8459.5 6.1472831 17.683357 353 TGCTCTGTTGGCTTCTTTTGTC Chip strong 8407 17.417171 17.734081 224 CACTGTCTTCCTTTGGCTCCTC Chip strong 8497 10.860129 11.864268 48 AGCACGGTGGGTTTGGCTGGCA Chip strong 8532 8.91047 7.0811062 18 GTCCTCACTGGCCGCACGCTGA Chip strong 8536 7.1346483 19.281561 188 CCAGGCTGGAGTGCAAGCAGCA Chip strong 8552.5 11.002619 19.600433 356 CGGTGCCTCCTCCAGTGTTGCT Chip strong 8559 10.886886 9.833169 71 GTCAGTCATTGAATGCTGGCCT Chip strong 8592.5 23.067156 11.230301 133 CCTTTTATCCCCTAATTGGCCT Chip strong 8596 19.616385 9.8835402 67 TGGTAGGTTGGGCAGTTC Chip strong 8731.5 31.377066 20.530041 301 GTGTTCCTGTGCTGGATGGTCA Chip strong 2131 11.864914 6.3784571 191 CCTCTGCACCAACCTGTCAAGA Chip strong 2057.5 11.429537 3.11975 62 GGAGGTACTGTAGCTGGCGTT Chip strong 1877 10.634505 9.6884193 167 GTGCTTTGCTGGAATCGAGGAA Chip strong 1710 10.403996 8.5636625 190 AGCGTGTTGGGAGGAGCTGCAG Chip strong 1410 9.0065594 8.8227701 19 TAGCATGGCTCTATGGAACA Chip strong 1393 10.196934 8.9662762 260 GGCCAAGTGGATGCTGGTTTAGC Chip strong 1351 6.3048329 7.5876508 117 AGGACCTGTAATCCCAGCACTT Chip 1119.5 4.0140038 5.6218853 23 GTCTCGGACTCCTGATCTCAGG Chip 1380 4.1414785 3.9894354 189 TCGCTCAGGCAGGAGTGCAGTG Chip 1902 5.7879028 8.7315207 271 TGATCTCGTGATCTACCCGCCT Chip 1982 5.9927278 6.810081 280 CACCTTGTGATCCACCCGCCTT Chip 2139 5.5668392 4.7121377 44 AGTTCTCTTGCTTCAGCCTCCC Chip 8418 11.501246 1.3339518 31 GCAGGGAACTGGCTGGGCTTTC Chip 9142.5 5.9037857 16.801399 148 GCTCCCACTGCTGTCCTGCCAT Chip 9433 17.716768 1.6475885 110 CCCCTCAGTTTGCTAGTATTTT Chip 11735 24.905746 1.1986766 56 CTCGCCCCTCTCAGCCCTGCAA Chip 14248.5 19.352268 1.4588933 79 GCCTGTCCTCTTCCGCCTGTCT Chip 14508 12.145576 1.6282115 105 GGTTCTCAGCCTGAGCCGCCCC Chip 18192 21.105703 1.4826102 186 CTGGCCTATCATAAGCATTTT Chip 65516 15.111923 1.4583727 88 ACAGGCGATCCACCCGCCTCAG Chip 2228 5.9650521 8.9491081 318 GAACTTGTGATCCGCCCACCTT Chip 2483 4.4610376 7.0900927 93 GACCTTGTGATCCACCTGTTTT Chip 2612 4.8775668 12.335071 98 CTCTGAGTCCTGCACTCACCCG Chip 2770 6.7869315 1.284364 82 CTGCAGCCTCCACTTTCTGGGC Chip 2839 4.7054248 13.918253 380 GTGTTGTCGCTGGGTTTTGAGGG Chip 3030 4.5279474 3.9595523 254 TAGGAGGATTGCTTGTGGCCAG Chip 3154.5 4.6519237 4.9273152 194 CGGTGGGTGCTTCAGGCGGTGG Chip 3999 5.0099111 5.715847 376 GTGACTGTGGGTTTCTGGTTCC Chip 4025.5 5.8571658 7.4026732 136 GCTGCTGGGCCATTTGTTGG Chip 4101 7.7621112 1.3319389 114 GCAGGCTCTGGCTTATTCTGGG Chip 4399 4.4706116 13.904231 101 GCGGGCGGCTTCATCTTGCCCT Chip 5038 5.1213508 7.6892729 158 TCCCAGCTCCTGGGCCCCACAG Chip 5372.5 4.9255114 7.1915674 267 ATCTTTTATCACTCCCACTGCT Chip 5396 5.4679914 11.567021 340 GATGGGTTTGTTGGAGAGGTC Chip 5425.5 4.8749881 17.533426 144 GTGACCTGGCCGCCTAAACCCA Chip 5941.5 5.6531525 18.527802 135 AAGACACCAGAGACTGGCCTCA Chip 6306 5.8909965 5.1631103 314 TCCTCAGCTTGGCCACGGAGTT Chip 6478.5 5.8972673 17.989834 211 TGTCTCCCCACTGGTCTTCCAG Chip 7039 5.6089306 15.167439 235 AAACTGCTTCCTTGGCCT Chip 7436 5.6282043 5.6413546 312

ROW# INFECTION NAME SEQ ID NOs OF GAMS ASSOCIATED WITH INFECTION 2 Bordetella pertussis 1, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 33, 34, 37, 41, 42, 43, 44, 47, 48, 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 60, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 75, 76, 77, 79, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91, 94, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 126, 127, 130, 131, 132, 133, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 145, 147, 149, 150, 151, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 181, 183, 184, 185, 188, 191, 195, 196, 197, 204, 205, 211, 212, 214, 215, 216, 219, 220, 222, 225, 228, 230, 231, 233, 237, 239, 241, 242, 243, 244, 250, 251, 253, 262, 264, 265, 266, 268, 271, 272, 274, 276, 277, 280, 281, 282, 284, 285, 287, 288, 289, 290, 293, 294, 296, 297, 299, 300, 301, 302, 304, 306, 308, 310, 312, 317, 318, 321, 322, 324, 326, 327, 329, 330, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 339, 340, 342, 343, 345, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 355, 356, 357, 358, 360, 361, 362, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 378, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385 and 49788-55666. 3 Brucella suis 1330 1, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 21, 23, 27, 32, 35, 37, 39, 40, 42, 47, 48, 49, 50, 52, 53, 58, 62, 63, 65, 68, 70, 71, 77, 79, 80, 85, 86, 89, 90, 98, 102, 105, 107, 108, 109, 111, 112, 114, 115, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 132, 138, 141, 142, 143, 150, 151, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 164, 166, 168, 171, 172, 173, 175, 176, 177, 180, 181, 183, 185, 186, 190, 195, 198, 199, 200, 201, 205, 207, 211, 212, 214, 215, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 225, 229, 230, 231, 233, 236, 237, 240, 241, 243, 244, 250, 251, 256, 258, 263, 264, 265, 266, 270, 277, 279, 280, 281, 282, 285, 287, 289, 290, 293, 294, 295, 297, 300, 302, 303, 306, 308, 310, 312, 315, 318, 319, 320, 321, 330, 331, 333, 334, 335, 342, 343, 347, 348, 349, 353, 354, 356, 357, 360, 361, 364, 365, 366, 368, 369, 370, 371, 373, 374, 375, 377, 381, 382, 384 and 55667-60259. 4 Chlamydia trachomatis 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 30, 31, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38, 40, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 55, 62, 63, 64, 67, 73, 74, 75, 78, 81, 82, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 91, 94, 95, 98, 99, 104, 105, 106, 111, 113, 116, 122, 124, 126, 128, 132, 133, 136, 138, 146, 148, 149, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 160, 164, 166, 167, 177, 179, 180, 181, 187, 188, 190, 192, 194, 198, 199, 200, 205, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 213, 214, 217, 218, 222, 224, 225, 226, 229, 232, 233, 235, 236, 239, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 248, 251, 252, 253, 254, 256, 257, 259, 262, 264, 265, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 278, 279, 287, 288, 289, 293, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 302, 303, 305, 306, 309, 311, 312, 316, 318, 319, 320, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 330, 332, 333, 335, 338, 340, 341, 343, 344, 345, 348, 349, 350, 353, 354, 356, 363, 373, 384 and 60260-67437. 5 Chlamydophila pneumoniae 25, 27, 33, 46, 55, 62, 73, 105, 152, 160, 166, 177, 179, 180, 190, 205, 208, AR39 213, 214, 218, 236, 242, 244, 262, 271, 274, 298, 323, 325, 327, 345, 353, 356 and 67438-68147. 6 Chlamydophila pneumoniae 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 13, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 27, 28, 31, 32, 33, 37, 39, 45, CWL029 46, 47, 48, 50, 52, 55, 62, 63, 64, 66, 67, 69, 73, 74, 82, 84, 85, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 95, 101, 102, 104, 105, 111, 114, 124, 125, 126, 128, 143, 146, 148, 152, 159, 160, 161, 164, 165, 166, 168, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 187, 189, 190, 192, 194, 201, 203, 205, 207, 208, 209, 212, 213, 214, 217, 218, 221, 223, 224, 227, 232, 233, 234, 236, 238, 239, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 252, 257, 258, 259, 260, 262, 263, 271, 272, 274, 275, 279, 281, 282, 283, 286, 289, 295, 297, 298, 299, 302, 305, 306, 309, 311, 312, 314, 319, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 330, 333, 338, 340, 343, 344, 345, 346, 348, 349, 350, 352, 353, 354, 356, 363, 377, 382, 383, 384 and 68148-75439. 7 Chlamydophila pneumoniae 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 27, 31, 32, 33, 37, 39, 45, 46, 47, J138 50, 52, 55, 62, 63, 64, 66, 67, 69, 73, 74, 82, 84, 85, 88, 89, 90, 92, 95, 101, 102, 104, 105, 111, 114, 125, 126, 128, 143, 146, 148, 152, 159, 160, 161, 164, 165, 166, 168, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 187, 189, 190, 192, 194, 201, 203, 205, 207, 208, 209, 212, 213, 214, 217, 218, 221, 223, 224, 227, 232, 233, 234, 236, 238, 239, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 252, 257, 259, 260, 262, 263, 271, 272, 274, 275, 279, 281, 282, 283, 286, 289, 295, 297, 298, 299, 302, 305, 306, 309, 311, 312, 314, 319, 323, 325, 326, 327, 330, 333, 338, 340, 343, 344, 345, 346, 348, 349, 350, 352, 353, 354, 356, 363, 377, 382, 383, 384 and 75440-82241. 8 Chlamydophila pneumoniae 20, 21, 22, 25, 27, 31, 33, 45, 46, 50, 55, 62, 64, 73, 82, 89, 92, 104, 105, TW-183 126, 143, 146, 152, 160, 161, 166, 175, 177, 178, 179, 180, 187, 190, 201, 205, 208, 209, 212, 213, 214, 217, 218, 221, 232, 236, 239, 242, 244, 248, 257, 262, 263, 271, 272, 274, 275, 279, 282, 289, 298, 299, 302, 306, 312, 323, 325, 327, 338, 340, 345, 346, 350, 352, 353, 356, 363, 382 and 82242-85213. 9 Coxiella burnetii RSA 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 13, 22, 25, 27, 33, 36, 38, 40, 42, 45, 46, 48, 51, 52, 493 55, 62, 67, 73, 78, 80, 81, 84, 91, 105, 111, 116, 124, 126, 132, 141, 142, 146, 147, 152, 158, 160, 164, 166, 177, 179, 180, 186, 187, 190, 205, 208, 213, 214, 218, 227, 229, 232, 234, 236, 239, 241, 242, 244, 247, 248, 249, 252, 256, 259, 262, 268, 271, 272, 274, 279, 280, 281, 282, 285, 298, 299, 300, 303, 305, 306, 307, 312, 315, 316, 320, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 333, 340, 344, 345, 353, 354, 356, 365, 373, 374, 376, 379, 385 and 85214-90622. 10 Escherichia coli CFT 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 073 27, 28, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 129, 131, 132, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 141, 142, 143, 145, 146, 147, 148, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 171, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 181, 182, 184, 185, 186, 190, 191, 192, 193, 195, 196, 197, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 260, 261, 262, 265, 266, 267, 268, 270, 271, 272, 274, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 329, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 343, 344, 345, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 364, 365, 367, 368, 369, 370, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 378, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385 and 90623-103607. 11 Haemophilus influenzae 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 15, 19, 20, 21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, Rd 37, 38, 40, 41, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 62, 63, 64, 66, 67, 68, 73, 78, 81, 83, 84, 85, 88, 90, 91, 92, 98, 101, 105, 106, 111, 116, 117, 119, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 134, 138, 144, 146, 149, 151, 152, 155, 156, 160, 161, 164, 165, 166, 169, 171, 172, 174, 176, 177, 179, 180, 183, 190, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 203, 205, 207, 208, 211, 213, 214, 218, 221, 223, 226, 228, 229, 234, 236, 239, 240, 242, 244, 247, 248, 251, 254, 255, 256, 259, 262, 263, 264, 271, 272, 274, 277, 279, 281, 282, 283, 295, 296, 299, 302, 305, 306, 308, 311, 312, 313, 316, 317, 318, 319, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 329, 333, 335, 338, 339, 340, 343, 344, 345, 348, 351, 353, 354, 356, 365, 368, 371, 375, 377, 379, 380, 385 and 103608-111433. 12 Leptospira interrogans 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13, 19, 22, 25, 32, 38, 39, 41, 48, 49, 52, 67, 71, 73, 84, serovar lai str. 85, 90, 91, 93, 95, 117, 124, 128, 164, 174, 178, 179, 187, 190, 192, 193, 203, 56601 207, 225, 226, 227, 229, 238, 244, 247, 250, 256, 257, 258, 259, 262, 272, 279, 295, 298, 299, 303, 306, 307, 316, 324, 327, 333, 338, 340, 344, 348, 376, 379, 384 and 111434-116384. 13 Listeria monocytogenes 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 22, 36, 40, 48, 52, 67, 84, 90, 91, 95, 114, 116, 147, EGD-e 185, 214, 244, 247, 248, 253, 254, 259, 262, 272, 276, 279, 299, 306, 308, 324, 333, 340, 355, 382 and 116385-119434. 14 Mycobacterium avium 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, subsp. paratuberculosis 25, 26, 27, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 37, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 50, 51, 53, 54, 55, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 94, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 127, 130, 131, 132, 133, 135, 137, 138, 139, 140, 142, 143, 144, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 181, 183, 184, 185, 188, 189, 190, 191, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 207, 210, 211, 214, 215, 216, 218, 219, 220, 222, 225, 226, 230, 231, 233, 234, 236, 237, 239, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 248, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 257, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 268, 271, 272, 274, 277, 278, 280, 281, 282, 283, 285, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 305, 306, 310, 312, 313, 314, 318, 320, 321, 323, 324, 325, 327, 329, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 341, 342, 345, 346, 347, 349, 351, 352, 353, 355, 356, 357, 358, 360, 361, 362, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384 and 119435-127918. 15 Mycobacterium bovis 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, subsp bovis AF2122/97 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 36, 37, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 93, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 127, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 137, 138, 139, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 165, 166, 167, 168, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 183, 184, 185, 188, 189, 190, 191, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 218, 219, 220, 222, 225, 230, 231, 233, 236, 237, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 270, 271, 273, 276, 277, 278, 280, 281, 282, 283, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 296, 297, 299, 300, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 308, 310, 312, 313, 314, 315, 318, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 341, 342, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 355, 356, 357, 358, 360, 361, 362, 364, 365, 366, 367, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 378, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385 and 127919-137561. 16 Mycobacterium leprae 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 29, 31, 32, 33, 36, 37, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 53, 54, 57, 59, 62, 65, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 81, 83, 84, 86, 90, 94, 96, 98, 101, 103, 106, 107, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 121, 123, 131, 133, 134, 135, 137, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 149, 154, 156, 157, 158, 159, 161, 162, 163, 165, 166, 167, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 179, 183, 184, 185, 187, 188, 189, 190, 193, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 204, 205, 206, 211, 212, 214, 215, 216, 218, 219, 220, 221, 223, 224, 225, 228, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 241, 242, 243, 245, 249, 250, 251, 253, 254, 256, 258, 261, 263, 265, 267, 268, 269, 271, 274, 276, 277, 280, 281, 284, 288, 289, 290, 291, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 305, 306, 307, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 318, 320, 321, 323, 324, 327, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 343, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 353, 355, 356, 357, 358, 360, 361, 364, 365, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 380, 381, 382, 383 and 137562-144598. 17 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 13, 17, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 31, 32, 33, 45, 46, 51, 53, 55, CDC1551 62, 67, 69, 73, 84, 88, 90, 91, 99, 100, 102, 103, 105, 107, 113, 114, 116, 120, 137, 143, 146, 148, 149, 152, 155, 156, 160, 161, 165, 166, 168, 177, 179, 180, 185, 190, 198, 199, 200, 203, 205, 207, 208, 211, 213, 214, 215, 216, 218, 219, 225, 233, 236, 239, 242, 244, 257, 262, 264, 271, 272, 274, 281, 282, 289, 291, 292, 294, 299, 303, 305, 306, 312, 313, 323, 324, 325, 327, 329, 332, 333, 337, 341, 345, 346, 352, 353, 356, 381, 383 and 144599-146806. 18 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, H37Rv 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 37, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 93, 94, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 127, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 137, 138, 139, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 165, 166, 167, 168, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 183, 184, 185, 188, 189, 190, 191, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 218, 219, 220, 222, 225, 230, 231, 233, 234, 236, 237, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 276, 277, 278, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 308, 310, 312, 313, 314, 315, 318, 320, 321, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 341, 342, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 355, 356, 357, 358, 360, 361, 362, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 378, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385 and 146807-155497. 19 Neisseria meningitidis 56, 142, 218, 287, 316, 327, 351, 355, 365, 381 and 155498-155833. MC58 20 Neisseria meningitidis 1, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 15, 17, 21, 22, 26, 28, 30, 37, 39, 40, 45, 49, 52, 56, 58, Z2491 60, 62, 63, 67, 70, 76, 86, 89, 90, 91, 96, 98, 102, 103, 105, 107, 108, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 133, 138, 141, 142, 143, 145, 147, 148, 149, 152, 157, 158, 164, 165, 166, 170, 171, 175, 176, 178, 181, 183, 187, 189, 197, 203, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 225, 229, 230, 231, 237, 239, 243, 245, 247, 248, 251, 253, 254, 256, 257, 258, 259, 264, 265, 268, 273, 281, 282, 283, 285, 287, 289, 290, 293, 294, 295, 297, 300, 302, 306, 308, 314, 315, 316, 319, 321, 322, 325, 327, 329, 332, 333, 334, 338, 340, 341, 344, 346, 348, 349, 350, 351, 354, 355, 356, 365, 371, 372, 375, 376, 380, 381, 382, 384 and 155834-160603. 21 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1, 2, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, PA01 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 94, 95, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 130, 131, 134, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 144, 147, 149, 150, 151, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 181, 183, 184, 185, 188, 190, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 202, 204, 205, 208, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 218, 220, 222, 225, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 236, 237, 241, 242, 243, 244, 250, 251, 253, 258, 262, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 276, 277, 280, 281, 282, 283, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 306, 312, 314, 318, 319, 320, 321, 323, 324, 325, 327, 329, 330, 331, 333, 334, 335, 336, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 345, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 355, 356, 357, 358, 360, 361, 362, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 378, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384 and 160604-170274. 22 Pseudomonas putida KT2440 1, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 61, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 76, 84, 85, 86, 88, 89, 91, 94, 98, 99, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 126, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 137, 138, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 166, 167, 168, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 181, 183, 184, 185, 187, 190, 191, 193, 195, 196, 197, 202, 204, 205, 207, 211, 212, 214, 215, 216, 220, 221, 222, 225, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 236, 237, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 248, 250, 251, 253, 255, 258, 264, 265, 266, 267, 270, 271, 272, 274, 276, 277, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 308, 310, 312, 313, 314, 316, 317, 318, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 327, 329, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 342, 343, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 360, 361, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385 and 170275-178543. 23 Rickettsia prowazekii 2, 10, 13, 25, 27, 31, 33, 45, 46, 48, 52, 55, 62, 67, 71, 73, 75, 81, 84, 91, 95, 99, 100, 105, 113, 124, 131, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 160, 162, 166, 177, 179, 180, 181, 190, 192, 204, 205, 208, 213, 214, 217, 218, 222, 231, 236, 239, 242, 244, 262, 265, 270, 271, 272, 274, 278, 287, 288, 289, 293, 294, 299, 305, 306, 323, 324, 325, 327, 333, 334, 340, 345, 353, 356, 373, 381 and 178544-179914. 24 Salmonella enterica 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, enterica serovar Typhi 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75, 77, 79, 80, 81, 83, 84, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 129, 131, 132, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 150, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 185, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 208, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 225, 226, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 260, 261, 262, 263, 265, 266, 269, 270, 271, 272, 274, 276, 277, 278, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 308, 311, 312, 314, 315, 318, 319, 323, 324, 325, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 360, 361, 364, 365, 366, 367, 369, 370, 371, 373, 374, 375, 376, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385 and 179915-190940. 25 Salmonella enterica 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, enterica serovar Typhi 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, Ty2 51, 52, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75, 77, 79, 80, 81, 83, 84, 85, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 94, 95, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 129, 131, 132, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 150, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 185, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 208, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 225, 226, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 260, 261, 262, 263, 265, 266, 269, 270, 271, 272, 274, 276, 277, 278, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 308, 311, 312, 314, 315, 318, 319, 323, 324, 325, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 360, 361, 364, 365, 366, 367, 369, 370, 371, 373, 374, 375, 376, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385 and 190941-201927. 26 Salmonella typhimurium 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, LT2 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38, 39, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75, 77, 79, 82, 83, 84, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 94, 95, 96, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107, 108, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 129, 131, 132, 133, 135, 137, 138, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 185, 187, 188, 189, 190, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 255, 256, 257, 258, 260, 261, 262, 263, 266, 267, 268, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 285, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 302, 303, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 314, 315, 317, 318, 319, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 368, 369, 370, 371, 373, 374, 375, 376, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385 and 201928-215605. 27 Shigella flexneri 2a 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, str. 2457T 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 76, 78, 80, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 93, 94, 95, 97, 99, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141, 142, 143, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 181, 182, 184, 185, 187, 190, 191, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 207, 208, 212, 213, 214, 216, 218, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 260, 261, 262, 263, 265, 268, 270, 271, 272, 274, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 304, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 327, 328, 329, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 371, 373, 374, 375, 376, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385 and 215606-226197. 28 Shigella flexneri 2a 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, str. 301 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 76, 77, 78, 80, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 99, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 129, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 181, 182, 184, 185, 187, 190, 191, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 205, 207, 208, 210, 212, 213, 214, 216, 217, 218, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 260, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 274, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 304, 306, 308, 309, 311, 312, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 320, 321, 323, 324, 325, 327, 328, 329, 331, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 371, 373, 374, 375, 376, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385 and 226198-237003. 29 Staphylococcus aureus 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 27, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, subsp. aureus Mu50 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 55, 62, 63, 67, 71, 73, 81, 83, 84, 85, 90, 91, 92, 93, 95, 98, 100, 101, 105, 106, 111, 113, 116, 119, 120, 124, 131, 133, 138, 139, 146, 147, 149, 152, 153, 156, 160, 161, 162, 165, 166, 169, 171, 172, 174, 177, 179, 180, 181, 190, 192, 203, 204, 205, 207, 208, 213, 214, 217, 218, 222, 228, 231, 232, 236, 238, 240, 242, 244, 245, 247, 248, 252, 254, 256, 259, 261, 262, 270, 271, 272, 274, 275, 287, 293, 294, 299, 301, 302, 305, 306, 308, 309, 311, 316, 317, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 332, 333, 334, 335, 337, 339, 340, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 348, 349, 351, 353, 354, 356, 363, 365, 368, 371, 375, 379, 381 and 237004-244310. 30 Staphylococcus aureus 2, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 27, 30, 31, 32, 33, 38, 39, 40, 41, 45, 46, subsp. aureus MW2 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 55, 62, 63, 67, 71, 72, 73, 78, 81, 83, 84, 90, 91, 92, 93, 95, 98, 100, 101, 105, 106, 109, 111, 113, 117, 119, 120, 124, 126, 128, 130, 131, 133, 134, 138, 139, 143, 149, 152, 153, 156, 160, 161, 162, 166, 169, 171, 172, 174, 177, 179, 180, 181, 182, 190, 192, 203, 204, 205, 207, 208, 213, 214, 217, 218, 222, 228, 231, 232, 236, 238, 242, 244, 247, 248, 252, 254, 256, 257, 259, 261, 262, 271, 272, 274, 279, 287, 293, 294, 295, 299, 301, 302, 306, 307, 308, 309, 315, 316, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 332, 333, 334, 335, 337, 338, 339, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 348, 350, 351, 353, 356, 363, 365, 368, 371, 375, 379, 381 and 244311-250683. 31 Staphylococcus aureus 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 27, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, subsp. aureus N315 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 55, 62, 63, 67, 71, 73, 81, 83, 84, 85, 90, 91, 92, 93, 95, 98, 100, 101, 105, 106, 111, 113, 117, 119, 120, 124, 131, 133, 134, 138, 139, 143, 146, 147, 149, 152, 153, 156, 160, 161, 162, 166, 169, 171, 172, 174, 177, 179, 180, 181, 190, 192, 203, 204, 205, 207, 208, 213, 214, 217, 218, 222, 226, 228, 231, 232, 236, 238, 240, 242, 244, 245, 247, 248, 252, 254, 256, 259, 260, 261, 262, 270, 271, 272, 274, 275, 279, 287, 293, 294, 299, 301, 302, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 311, 316, 317, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 332, 333, 334, 335, 337, 339, 340, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 348, 349, 351, 353, 354, 356, 363, 365, 368, 371, 375, 379, 381 and 250684-257140. 32 Streptococcus pneumoniae 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 13, 14, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, R6 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 52, 55, 56, 62, 63, 67, 73, 77, 81, 83, 84, 85, 87, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 100, 101, 102, 105, 106, 111, 112, 114, 115, 116, 117, 119, 123, 124, 126, 133, 136, 138, 143, 145, 146, 147, 149, 152, 156, 160, 161, 164, 166, 168, 169, 171, 172, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 190, 192, 203, 204, 205, 208, 209, 213, 214, 217, 218, 223, 226, 228, 229, 232, 233, 235, 236, 238, 239, 242, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 252, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 264, 268, 271, 272, 274, 279, 282, 283, 284, 287, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 302, 303, 305, 306, 307, 309, 311, 312, 314, 315, 316, 320, 321, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 329, 333, 335, 338, 340, 341, 344, 345, 348, 350, 351, 352, 353, 356, 357, 359, 365, 368, 371, 372, 373, 375, 377, 379, 380, 382, 384, 385 and 257141-265301. 33 Streptococcus pneumoniae 2, 10, 13, 25, 27, 33, 46, 48, 50, 52, 55, 62, 63, 67, 73, 81, 84, 91, 101, 105, TIGR4 106, 111, 119, 149, 152, 160, 161, 164, 166, 168, 169, 171, 172, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 190, 205, 208, 213, 214, 218, 228, 236, 242, 244, 246, 262, 268, 271, 272, 274, 297, 299, 306, 321, 323, 324, 325, 327, 329, 333, 340, 345, 348, 351, 353, 356, 359, 365, 368, 371, 372, 375, 380 and 265302-266788. 34 Streptococcus pyogenes 3, 5, 8, 10, 21, 22, 25, 27, 32, 37, 38, 39, 40, 43, 49, 90, 95, 96, 106, 116, M1 GAS 126, 129, 138, 163, 164, 168, 175, 176, 180, 226, 232, 244, 246, 259, 261, 262, 268, 283, 295, 296, 297, 299, 306, 309, 316, 321, 329, 330, 333, 348, 349, 359, 372, 379, 380 and 266789-269521. 35 Streptococcus pyogenes 3, 8, 10, 13, 20, 22, 25, 27, 31, 32, 33, 37, 38, 40, 46, 48, 52, 55, 62, 67, MGAS315 73, 84, 90, 91, 105, 106, 113, 116, 129, 138, 152, 160, 164, 166, 168, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 186, 190, 192, 205, 208, 211, 213, 214, 218, 226, 229, 232, 236, 242, 244, 246, 262, 268, 271, 272, 274, 282, 283, 295, 296, 297, 299, 306, 309, 312, 321, 323, 324, 325, 327, 329, 333, 340, 345, 348, 349, 353, 356, 359, 372, 379, 380, 381 and 269522-272357. 36 Streptococcus pyogenes 3, 4, 8, 10, 13, 21, 22, 25, 27, 31, 33, 37, 38, 39, 40, 46, 48, 52, 55, 62, 67, MGAS8232 73, 84, 90, 91, 95, 105, 106, 113, 116, 129, 138, 152, 160, 163, 164, 166, 168, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 190, 205, 208, 213, 214, 218, 226, 232, 236, 242, 244, 246, 247, 259, 260, 261, 262, 268, 271, 272, 274, 295, 296, 297, 299, 306, 307, 309, 316, 321, 323, 324, 325, 327, 329, 330, 333, 337, 340, 344, 345, 348, 349, 353, 356, 359, 363, 372, 379, 380, 381 and 272358-275553. 37 Streptococcus pyogenes 10, 13, 25, 27, 31, 33, 46, 48, 52, 55, 62, 67, 73, 84, 91, 105, 113, 152, 160, SSI-1 164, 166, 168, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 190, 205, 208, 213, 214, 218, 236, 242, 244, 246, 262, 268, 271, 272, 274, 297, 299, 306, 321, 323, 324, 325, 327, 329, 333, 340, 345, 348, 353, 356, 359, 372, 380, 381 and 275554-276703. 38 Treponema pallidum subsp. 3, 10, 13, 48, 52, 57, 59, 67, 81, 84, 86, 90, 91, 121, 131, 134, 174, 175, 176, pallidum str. 184, 218, 228, 231, 235, 236, 243, 261, 262, 269, 272, 289, 291, 295, 299, 306, Nichols 312, 324, 329, 332, 333, 340, 345, 356, 358 and 276704-277654. 39 Yersinia pestis 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 16, 18, 19, 21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 61, 62, 63, 67, 68, 70, 71, 73, 75, 76, 78, 82, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 93, 94, 95, 98, 99, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 138, 140, 141, 142, 143, 146, 148, 149, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 160, 164, 165, 166, 167, 169, 171, 172, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 182, 184, 186, 187, 188, 190, 191, 192, 193, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 205, 206, 208, 209, 211, 213, 214, 215, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 224, 225, 226, 227, 229, 230, 232, 233, 234, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 250, 251, 252, 253, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 262, 263, 264, 270, 271, 272, 274, 276, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 286, 287, 289, 291, 292, 293, 295, 296, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 304, 306, 307, 308, 309, 311, 314, 315, 317, 319, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 329, 330, 331, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 363, 364, 365, 367, 368, 370, 372, 373, 374, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384 and 277655-287825. 40 Yersinia pestis KIM 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 61, 62, 63, 65, 67, 68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 78, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 93, 94, 95, 97, 99, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117, 118, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 138, 140, 142, 143, 146, 147, 148, 149, 151, 152, 153, 154, 156, 158, 160, 164, 165, 166, 169, 171, 172, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 182, 186, 187, 188, 190, 191, 192, 193, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 211, 213, 214, 215, 217, 218, 220, 221, 222, 224, 225, 226, 227, 229, 230, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 247, 248, 250, 251, 252, 253, 255, 256, 257, 258, 260, 262, 263, 264, 270, 271, 272, 274, 276, 279, 281, 282, 283, 284, 286, 287, 288, 289, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 298, 299, 300, 302, 303, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 311, 314, 315, 317, 318, 319, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 327, 329, 330, 331, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 362, 363, 364, 365, 367, 368, 370, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385 and 287826-298021. 

1. An isolated nucleic acid, wherein the sequence of the nucleic acid is selected from the group consisting of: (a) a sequence consisting of SEQ ID NO: 348; (b) a sequence consisting of nucleotides 14-34 of SEQ ID NO: 4233864; (c) a sequence consisting of nucleotides 14-36 of SEQ ID NO: 4233864; (d) a sequence consisting of nucleotides 14-37 of SEQ ID NO: 4233864; (e) a DNA encoding the nucleic acid of any one of (a)-(d), wherein the DNA is identical in length to (a)-(d), respectively; and (f) the complement of any one of (a)-(e), wherein the complement is identical in length to (a)-(e), respectively.
 2. An isolated nucleic acid, wherein the sequence of the nucleic acid is selected from the group consisting of: (a) SEQ ID NO: 4233864; (b) a DNA encoding the nucleic acid of (a), wherein the DNA is identical in length to (a); and (c) the complement of (a) or (b), wherein the complement is identical in length to (a) or (b).
 3. A vector comprising a human insert, wherein the human insert consists of the sequence of the nucleic acid of claim 1, and wherein the vector comprises no other inserts but the nucleic acid of claim
 1. 4. A vector comprising a human insert, wherein the human insert consists of the sequence of the nucleic acid of claim 2, and wherein the vector comprises no other inserts but the nucleic acid of claim
 2. 5. A probe consisting of a human insert, wherein the human insert consists of the sequence of the nucleic acid of claim
 1. 6. A probe consisting of a human insert, wherein the human insert consists of the sequence of the nucleic acid of claim
 2. 